A Multi-Labeled Dataset for Indonesian Discourse: Examining Toxicity, Polarization, and Demographics Information

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Susanto, Lucky, Wijanarko, Musa, Pratama, Prasetia, Tang, Zilu, Akyas, Fariz, Hong, Traci, Idris, Ika, Aji, Alham, Wijaya, Derry
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Susanto, Lucky
Wijanarko, Musa
Pratama, Prasetia
Tang, Zilu
Akyas, Fariz
Hong, Traci
Idris, Ika
Aji, Alham
Wijaya, Derry
author_facet Susanto, Lucky
Wijanarko, Musa
Pratama, Prasetia
Tang, Zilu
Akyas, Fariz
Hong, Traci
Idris, Ika
Aji, Alham
Wijaya, Derry
contents Polarization is defined as divisive opinions held by two or more groups on substantive issues. As the world's third-largest democracy, Indonesia faces growing concerns about the interplay between political polarization and online toxicity, which is often directed at vulnerable minority groups. Despite the importance of this issue, previous NLP research has not fully explored the relationship between toxicity and polarization. To bridge this gap, we present a novel multi-label Indonesian dataset that incorporates toxicity, polarization, and annotator demographic information. Benchmarking this dataset using BERT-base models and large language models (LLMs) shows that polarization information enhances toxicity classification, and vice versa. Furthermore, providing demographic information significantly improves the performance of polarization classification.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_00417
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Multi-Labeled Dataset for Indonesian Discourse: Examining Toxicity, Polarization, and Demographics Information
Susanto, Lucky
Wijanarko, Musa
Pratama, Prasetia
Tang, Zilu
Akyas, Fariz
Hong, Traci
Idris, Ika
Aji, Alham
Wijaya, Derry
Computation and Language
Polarization is defined as divisive opinions held by two or more groups on substantive issues. As the world's third-largest democracy, Indonesia faces growing concerns about the interplay between political polarization and online toxicity, which is often directed at vulnerable minority groups. Despite the importance of this issue, previous NLP research has not fully explored the relationship between toxicity and polarization. To bridge this gap, we present a novel multi-label Indonesian dataset that incorporates toxicity, polarization, and annotator demographic information. Benchmarking this dataset using BERT-base models and large language models (LLMs) shows that polarization information enhances toxicity classification, and vice versa. Furthermore, providing demographic information significantly improves the performance of polarization classification.
title A Multi-Labeled Dataset for Indonesian Discourse: Examining Toxicity, Polarization, and Demographics Information
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00417