KurTail : Kurtosis-based LLM Quantization

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Akhondzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh, Bojchevski, Aleksandar, Eleftheriou, Evangelos, Dazzi, Martino
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Akhondzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh
Bojchevski, Aleksandar
Eleftheriou, Evangelos
Dazzi, Martino
author_facet Akhondzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh
Bojchevski, Aleksandar
Eleftheriou, Evangelos
Dazzi, Martino
contents One of the challenges of quantizing a large language model (LLM) is the presence of outliers. Outliers often make uniform quantization schemes less effective, particularly in extreme cases such as 4-bit quantization. We introduce KurTail, a new post-training quantization (PTQ) scheme that leverages Kurtosis-based rotation to mitigate outliers in the activations of LLMs. Our method optimizes Kurtosis as a measure of tailedness. This approach enables the quantization of weights, activations, and the KV cache in 4 bits. We utilize layer-wise optimization, ensuring memory efficiency. KurTail outperforms existing quantization methods, offering a 13.3\% boost in MMLU accuracy and a 15.5\% drop in Wiki perplexity compared to QuaRot. It also outperforms SpinQuant with a 2.6\% MMLU gain and reduces perplexity by 2.9\%, all while reducing the training cost. For comparison, learning the rotation using SpinQuant for Llama3-70B requires at least four NVIDIA H100 80GB GPUs, whereas our method requires only a single GPU, making it a more accessible solution for consumer GPU.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_01483
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle KurTail : Kurtosis-based LLM Quantization
Akhondzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh
Bojchevski, Aleksandar
Eleftheriou, Evangelos
Dazzi, Martino
Machine Learning
One of the challenges of quantizing a large language model (LLM) is the presence of outliers. Outliers often make uniform quantization schemes less effective, particularly in extreme cases such as 4-bit quantization. We introduce KurTail, a new post-training quantization (PTQ) scheme that leverages Kurtosis-based rotation to mitigate outliers in the activations of LLMs. Our method optimizes Kurtosis as a measure of tailedness. This approach enables the quantization of weights, activations, and the KV cache in 4 bits. We utilize layer-wise optimization, ensuring memory efficiency. KurTail outperforms existing quantization methods, offering a 13.3\% boost in MMLU accuracy and a 15.5\% drop in Wiki perplexity compared to QuaRot. It also outperforms SpinQuant with a 2.6\% MMLU gain and reduces perplexity by 2.9\%, all while reducing the training cost. For comparison, learning the rotation using SpinQuant for Llama3-70B requires at least four NVIDIA H100 80GB GPUs, whereas our method requires only a single GPU, making it a more accessible solution for consumer GPU.
title KurTail : Kurtosis-based LLM Quantization
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01483