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Main Author: Dimakis, N.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02055
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author Dimakis, N.
author_facet Dimakis, N.
contents Motivated by the parametrization invariance of cosmological Lagrangians and their equivalence to systems describing the motion of particles in curved backgrounds, we identify the phase space analogue of the notion of proper time. We define the corresponding quantum operator, which results in being canonically conjugate to that of the vanishing Hamiltonian. In the context of particle dynamics, this leads to an uncertainty relation of the form $ΔE_0 \,ΔT \geq \hbar$, where $E_0$ is the rest energy of the particle. By studying the non-relativistic limit, we show that the action of the operator reduces to multiplication by the classical time coordinate. Finally, we derive the generic expression for the introduced time variable in the cosmological setting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_02055
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time operator from parametrization invariance and implications for cosmology
Dimakis, N.
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
Motivated by the parametrization invariance of cosmological Lagrangians and their equivalence to systems describing the motion of particles in curved backgrounds, we identify the phase space analogue of the notion of proper time. We define the corresponding quantum operator, which results in being canonically conjugate to that of the vanishing Hamiltonian. In the context of particle dynamics, this leads to an uncertainty relation of the form $ΔE_0 \,ΔT \geq \hbar$, where $E_0$ is the rest energy of the particle. By studying the non-relativistic limit, we show that the action of the operator reduces to multiplication by the classical time coordinate. Finally, we derive the generic expression for the introduced time variable in the cosmological setting.
title Time operator from parametrization invariance and implications for cosmology
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02055