A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Setton, David J. Greene, Jenny E. Spilker, Justin S. Williams, Christina C. Labbe, Ivo Ma, Yilun Wang, Bingjie Whitaker, Katherine E. Leja, Joel de Graaff, Anna Alberts, Stacey Bezanson, Rachel Boogaard, Leindert A. Brammer, Gabriel Cutler, Sam E. Cleri, Nikko J. Cooper, Olivia R. Dayal, Pratika Fujimoto, Seiji Furtak, Lukas J. Goulding, Andy D. Hirschmann, Michaela Kokorev, Vasily Maseda, Michael V. McConachie, Ian Matthee, Jorryt Miller, Tim B. Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Pan, Richard Price, Sedona H. Suess, Katherine A. Weaver, John R. Xiao, Mengyuan Zhang, Yunchong Zitrin, Adi |
| author_facet | Setton, David J. Greene, Jenny E. Spilker, Justin S. Williams, Christina C. Labbe, Ivo Ma, Yilun Wang, Bingjie Whitaker, Katherine E. Leja, Joel de Graaff, Anna Alberts, Stacey Bezanson, Rachel Boogaard, Leindert A. Brammer, Gabriel Cutler, Sam E. Cleri, Nikko J. Cooper, Olivia R. Dayal, Pratika Fujimoto, Seiji Furtak, Lukas J. Goulding, Andy D. Hirschmann, Michaela Kokorev, Vasily Maseda, Michael V. McConachie, Ian Matthee, Jorryt Miller, Tim B. Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Pan, Richard Price, Sedona H. Suess, Katherine A. Weaver, John R. Xiao, Mengyuan Zhang, Yunchong Zitrin, Adi |
| contents | Luminous broad H$α$ emission and red rest-optical SEDs are the hallmark of compact Little Red Dots (LRDs), implying highly attenuated dusty starbursts and/or obscured active galactic nuclei. However, the lack of observed FIR emission has proved difficult to reconcile with the implied attenuated luminosity in these models. Here, we utilize deep new ALMA imaging, new and existing JWST/MIRI imaging, and archival Spitzer/Herschel imaging of two of the rest-optically brightest LRDs ($z=3.1$ and $z=4.47$) to place the strongest constraints on the IR luminosity in LRDs to date. The detections at $λ_\mathrm{rest}=1-4 \ μ$m imply flat slopes in the rest-IR, ruling out a contribution from hot ($T\gtrsim500$ K) dust. Similarly, FIR non-detections rule out any appreciable cold ($T\lesssim75$ K) dust component. Assuming energy balance, these observations are inconsistent with the typical FIR dust emission of dusty starbursts and quasar torii, which usually show a mixture of cold and hot dust. Additionally, our [$\mathrm{C}_{II}$] non-detections rule out typical dusty starbursts. We compute empirical maximum IR SEDs and find that both LRDs must have $\log(L_\mathrm{IR}/L_\odot) \lesssim 12.2$ at the $3σ$ level. These limits are in tension with the predictions of rest-optical spectrophotometric fits, be they galaxy only, AGN only, or composite. It is unlikely that LRDs are highly dust-reddened intrinsically blue sources with a dust temperature distribution that conspires to avoid current observing facilities. Rather, we favor an intrinsically redder LRD SED model that alleviates the need for strong dust attenuation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_02059 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots Setton, David J. Greene, Jenny E. Spilker, Justin S. Williams, Christina C. Labbe, Ivo Ma, Yilun Wang, Bingjie Whitaker, Katherine E. Leja, Joel de Graaff, Anna Alberts, Stacey Bezanson, Rachel Boogaard, Leindert A. Brammer, Gabriel Cutler, Sam E. Cleri, Nikko J. Cooper, Olivia R. Dayal, Pratika Fujimoto, Seiji Furtak, Lukas J. Goulding, Andy D. Hirschmann, Michaela Kokorev, Vasily Maseda, Michael V. McConachie, Ian Matthee, Jorryt Miller, Tim B. Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Pan, Richard Price, Sedona H. Suess, Katherine A. Weaver, John R. Xiao, Mengyuan Zhang, Yunchong Zitrin, Adi Astrophysics of Galaxies Luminous broad H$α$ emission and red rest-optical SEDs are the hallmark of compact Little Red Dots (LRDs), implying highly attenuated dusty starbursts and/or obscured active galactic nuclei. However, the lack of observed FIR emission has proved difficult to reconcile with the implied attenuated luminosity in these models. Here, we utilize deep new ALMA imaging, new and existing JWST/MIRI imaging, and archival Spitzer/Herschel imaging of two of the rest-optically brightest LRDs ($z=3.1$ and $z=4.47$) to place the strongest constraints on the IR luminosity in LRDs to date. The detections at $λ_\mathrm{rest}=1-4 \ μ$m imply flat slopes in the rest-IR, ruling out a contribution from hot ($T\gtrsim500$ K) dust. Similarly, FIR non-detections rule out any appreciable cold ($T\lesssim75$ K) dust component. Assuming energy balance, these observations are inconsistent with the typical FIR dust emission of dusty starbursts and quasar torii, which usually show a mixture of cold and hot dust. Additionally, our [$\mathrm{C}_{II}$] non-detections rule out typical dusty starbursts. We compute empirical maximum IR SEDs and find that both LRDs must have $\log(L_\mathrm{IR}/L_\odot) \lesssim 12.2$ at the $3σ$ level. These limits are in tension with the predictions of rest-optical spectrophotometric fits, be they galaxy only, AGN only, or composite. It is unlikely that LRDs are highly dust-reddened intrinsically blue sources with a dust temperature distribution that conspires to avoid current observing facilities. Rather, we favor an intrinsically redder LRD SED model that alleviates the need for strong dust attenuation. |
| title | A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02059 |