An Efficient Plugin Method for Metric Optimization of Black-Box Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Devic, Siddartha, Choudhary, Nurendra, Srinivasan, Anirudh, Genc, Sahika, Kveton, Branislav, Hiranandani, Gaurush
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Devic, Siddartha
Choudhary, Nurendra
Srinivasan, Anirudh
Genc, Sahika
Kveton, Branislav
Hiranandani, Gaurush
author_facet Devic, Siddartha
Choudhary, Nurendra
Srinivasan, Anirudh
Genc, Sahika
Kveton, Branislav
Hiranandani, Gaurush
contents Many machine learning algorithms and classifiers are available only via API queries as a ``black-box'' -- that is, the downstream user has no ability to change, re-train, or fine-tune the model on a particular target distribution. Indeed, the downstream user may not even have knowledge of the \emph{original} training distribution or performance metric used to construct and optimize the black-box model. We propose a simple and efficient method, Plugin, which \emph{post-processes} arbitrary multiclass predictions from any black-box classifier in order to simultaneously (1) adapt these predictions to a target distribution; and (2) optimize a particular metric of the confusion matrix. Importantly, Plugin is a completely \textit{post-hoc} method which does not rely on feature information, only requires a small amount of probabilistic predictions along with their corresponding true label, and optimizes metrics by querying. We empirically demonstrate that Plugin is both broadly applicable and has performance competitive with related methods on a variety of tabular and language tasks.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_02119
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Efficient Plugin Method for Metric Optimization of Black-Box Models
Devic, Siddartha
Choudhary, Nurendra
Srinivasan, Anirudh
Genc, Sahika
Kveton, Branislav
Hiranandani, Gaurush
Machine Learning
Many machine learning algorithms and classifiers are available only via API queries as a ``black-box'' -- that is, the downstream user has no ability to change, re-train, or fine-tune the model on a particular target distribution. Indeed, the downstream user may not even have knowledge of the \emph{original} training distribution or performance metric used to construct and optimize the black-box model. We propose a simple and efficient method, Plugin, which \emph{post-processes} arbitrary multiclass predictions from any black-box classifier in order to simultaneously (1) adapt these predictions to a target distribution; and (2) optimize a particular metric of the confusion matrix. Importantly, Plugin is a completely \textit{post-hoc} method which does not rely on feature information, only requires a small amount of probabilistic predictions along with their corresponding true label, and optimizes metrics by querying. We empirically demonstrate that Plugin is both broadly applicable and has performance competitive with related methods on a variety of tabular and language tasks.
title An Efficient Plugin Method for Metric Optimization of Black-Box Models
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02119