CGMatch: A Different Perspective of Semi-supervised Learning

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cheng, Bo, Lu, Jueqing, Tian, Yuan, Zhao, Haifeng, Chang, Yi, Du, Lan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866915181417725952
author Cheng, Bo
Lu, Jueqing
Tian, Yuan
Zhao, Haifeng
Chang, Yi
Du, Lan
author_facet Cheng, Bo
Lu, Jueqing
Tian, Yuan
Zhao, Haifeng
Chang, Yi
Du, Lan
contents Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has garnered significant attention due to its ability to leverage limited labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data to improve model generalization performance. Recent approaches achieve impressive successes by combining ideas from both consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. However, these methods tend to underperform in the more realistic situations with relatively scarce labeled data. We argue that this issue arises because existing methods rely solely on the model's confidence, making them challenging to accurately assess the model's state and identify unlabeled examples contributing to the training phase when supervision information is limited, especially during the early stages of model training. In this paper, we propose a novel SSL model called CGMatch, which, for the first time, incorporates a new metric known as Count-Gap (CG). We demonstrate that CG is effective in discovering unlabeled examples beneficial for model training. Along with confidence, a commonly used metric in SSL, we propose a fine-grained dynamic selection (FDS) strategy. This strategy dynamically divides the unlabeled dataset into three subsets with different characteristics: easy-to-learn set, ambiguous set, and hard-to-learn set. By selective filtering subsets, and applying corresponding regularization with selected subsets, we mitigate the negative impact of incorrect pseudo-labels on model optimization and generalization. Extensive experimental results on several common SSL benchmarks indicate the effectiveness of CGMatch especially when the labeled data are particularly limited. Source code is available at https://github.com/BoCheng-96/CGMatch.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_02231
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CGMatch: A Different Perspective of Semi-supervised Learning
Cheng, Bo
Lu, Jueqing
Tian, Yuan
Zhao, Haifeng
Chang, Yi
Du, Lan
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has garnered significant attention due to its ability to leverage limited labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data to improve model generalization performance. Recent approaches achieve impressive successes by combining ideas from both consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. However, these methods tend to underperform in the more realistic situations with relatively scarce labeled data. We argue that this issue arises because existing methods rely solely on the model's confidence, making them challenging to accurately assess the model's state and identify unlabeled examples contributing to the training phase when supervision information is limited, especially during the early stages of model training. In this paper, we propose a novel SSL model called CGMatch, which, for the first time, incorporates a new metric known as Count-Gap (CG). We demonstrate that CG is effective in discovering unlabeled examples beneficial for model training. Along with confidence, a commonly used metric in SSL, we propose a fine-grained dynamic selection (FDS) strategy. This strategy dynamically divides the unlabeled dataset into three subsets with different characteristics: easy-to-learn set, ambiguous set, and hard-to-learn set. By selective filtering subsets, and applying corresponding regularization with selected subsets, we mitigate the negative impact of incorrect pseudo-labels on model optimization and generalization. Extensive experimental results on several common SSL benchmarks indicate the effectiveness of CGMatch especially when the labeled data are particularly limited. Source code is available at https://github.com/BoCheng-96/CGMatch.
title CGMatch: A Different Perspective of Semi-supervised Learning
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02231