Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Radzom, Brandon Thomas, Dong, Jiayin, Rice, Malena, Wang, Xian-Yu, Hixenbaugh, Kyle, Zhou, George, Huang, Chelsea X., Wang, Songhu
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Radzom, Brandon Thomas
Dong, Jiayin
Rice, Malena
Wang, Xian-Yu
Hixenbaugh, Kyle
Zhou, George
Huang, Chelsea X.
Wang, Songhu
author_facet Radzom, Brandon Thomas
Dong, Jiayin
Rice, Malena
Wang, Xian-Yu
Hixenbaugh, Kyle
Zhou, George
Huang, Chelsea X.
Wang, Songhu
contents A significant fraction of hot Jupiters have orbital axes misaligned with their host stars' spin axes. The large stellar obliquities of these giants have long been considered potential signatures of high-eccentricity migration, which is expected to clear out any nearby planetary companions. This scenario requires that only isolated hot Jupiters be spin-orbit misaligned while those with nearby companions, which must have more quiescent histories, maintain low-obliquity orbits, assuming they formed aligned within their primordial protoplanetary disks. Investigations of this stellar obliquity-companionship connection, however, have been severely limited by the lack of hot Jupiters found in compact multi-planet systems. Here we present the sky-projected stellar obliquity ($λ$) of a hot Jupiter with a nearby inner companion recently discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite: TOI-5143 c. Specifically, we utilize the Doppler shadow caused by the planet's transit, enabled by the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, to find that the planet is aligned with $λ=2.1 ^{+2.8}_{-2.7} \circ$. Of the exoplanets with RM measurements, TOI-5143 c becomes just the third hot Jupiter with a nearby companion, and is part of the 19th compact multi-planet single-star system, with an RM measurement. The spin-orbit alignment of these 19 systems provides strong support for primordial alignment, and thus implies that large obliquities are gained primarily due to post-disk dynamical interactions such as those inherent to high-eccentricity migration. As such, the observed spin-orbit alignment of hot Jupiters with nearby companions affirms that some fraction of these giants instead have quiescent origins.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_03745
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
Radzom, Brandon Thomas
Dong, Jiayin
Rice, Malena
Wang, Xian-Yu
Hixenbaugh, Kyle
Zhou, George
Huang, Chelsea X.
Wang, Songhu
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
A significant fraction of hot Jupiters have orbital axes misaligned with their host stars' spin axes. The large stellar obliquities of these giants have long been considered potential signatures of high-eccentricity migration, which is expected to clear out any nearby planetary companions. This scenario requires that only isolated hot Jupiters be spin-orbit misaligned while those with nearby companions, which must have more quiescent histories, maintain low-obliquity orbits, assuming they formed aligned within their primordial protoplanetary disks. Investigations of this stellar obliquity-companionship connection, however, have been severely limited by the lack of hot Jupiters found in compact multi-planet systems. Here we present the sky-projected stellar obliquity ($λ$) of a hot Jupiter with a nearby inner companion recently discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite: TOI-5143 c. Specifically, we utilize the Doppler shadow caused by the planet's transit, enabled by the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, to find that the planet is aligned with $λ=2.1 ^{+2.8}_{-2.7} \circ$. Of the exoplanets with RM measurements, TOI-5143 c becomes just the third hot Jupiter with a nearby companion, and is part of the 19th compact multi-planet single-star system, with an RM measurement. The spin-orbit alignment of these 19 systems provides strong support for primordial alignment, and thus implies that large obliquities are gained primarily due to post-disk dynamical interactions such as those inherent to high-eccentricity migration. As such, the observed spin-orbit alignment of hot Jupiters with nearby companions affirms that some fraction of these giants instead have quiescent origins.
title Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03745