Neural Models of Task Adaptation: A Tutorial on Spiking Networks for Executive Control

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Kannan, Ashwin Viswanathan, Ganesan, Madhumitha
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Kannan, Ashwin Viswanathan
Ganesan, Madhumitha
author_facet Kannan, Ashwin Viswanathan
Ganesan, Madhumitha
contents Understanding cognitive flexibility and task-switching mechanisms in neural systems requires biologically plausible computational models. This tutorial presents a step-by-step approach to constructing a spiking neural network (SNN) that simulates task-switching dynamics within the cognitive control network. The model incorporates biologically realistic features, including lateral inhibition, adaptive synaptic weights through unsupervised Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP), and precise neuronal parameterization within physiologically relevant ranges. The SNN is implemented using Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons, which represent excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) populations. We utilize two real-world datasets as tasks, demonstrating how the network learns and dynamically switches between them. Experimental design follows cognitive psychology paradigms to analyze neural adaptation, synaptic weight modifications, and emergent behaviors such as Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), Long-Term Depression (LTD), and Task-Set Reconfiguration (TSR). Through a series of structured experiments, this tutorial illustrates how variations in task-switching intervals affect performance and multitasking efficiency. The results align with empirically observed neuronal responses, offering insights into the computational underpinnings of executive function. By following this tutorial, researchers can develop and extend biologically inspired SNN models for studying cognitive processes and neural adaptation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_03784
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neural Models of Task Adaptation: A Tutorial on Spiking Networks for Executive Control
Kannan, Ashwin Viswanathan
Ganesan, Madhumitha
Neurons and Cognition
Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Understanding cognitive flexibility and task-switching mechanisms in neural systems requires biologically plausible computational models. This tutorial presents a step-by-step approach to constructing a spiking neural network (SNN) that simulates task-switching dynamics within the cognitive control network. The model incorporates biologically realistic features, including lateral inhibition, adaptive synaptic weights through unsupervised Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP), and precise neuronal parameterization within physiologically relevant ranges. The SNN is implemented using Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons, which represent excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) populations. We utilize two real-world datasets as tasks, demonstrating how the network learns and dynamically switches between them. Experimental design follows cognitive psychology paradigms to analyze neural adaptation, synaptic weight modifications, and emergent behaviors such as Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), Long-Term Depression (LTD), and Task-Set Reconfiguration (TSR). Through a series of structured experiments, this tutorial illustrates how variations in task-switching intervals affect performance and multitasking efficiency. The results align with empirically observed neuronal responses, offering insights into the computational underpinnings of executive function. By following this tutorial, researchers can develop and extend biologically inspired SNN models for studying cognitive processes and neural adaptation.
title Neural Models of Task Adaptation: A Tutorial on Spiking Networks for Executive Control
topic Neurons and Cognition
Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03784