Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Schuckert, Alexander Kühn, Stefan Smith, Kevin C. Crane, Eleanor Girvin, Steven M. |
| author_facet | Schuckert, Alexander Kühn, Stefan Smith, Kevin C. Crane, Eleanor Girvin, Steven M. |
| contents | We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_03828 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory Schuckert, Alexander Kühn, Stefan Smith, Kevin C. Crane, Eleanor Girvin, Steven M. Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory Quantum Physics We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter. |
| title | Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory |
| topic | Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03828 |