Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory

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Hauptverfasser: Schuckert, Alexander, Kühn, Stefan, Smith, Kevin C., Crane, Eleanor, Girvin, Steven M.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Schuckert, Alexander
Kühn, Stefan
Smith, Kevin C.
Crane, Eleanor
Girvin, Steven M.
author_facet Schuckert, Alexander
Kühn, Stefan
Smith, Kevin C.
Crane, Eleanor
Girvin, Steven M.
contents We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_03828
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory
Schuckert, Alexander
Kühn, Stefan
Smith, Kevin C.
Crane, Eleanor
Girvin, Steven M.
Quantum Gases
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
Quantum Physics
We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter.
title Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory
topic Quantum Gases
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03828