Engineering nonequilibrium superconducting phases in a voltage-driven superconductor under an external magnetic field
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908403204358144 |
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| author | Kawamura, Taira Ohashi, Yoji |
| author_facet | Kawamura, Taira Ohashi, Yoji |
| contents | We theoretically investigate nonequilibrium properties of a normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (NSN) junction under an external magnetic field. When a bias voltage is applied between the normal-metal leads, the confined superconductor is driven out of equilibrium, resulting in a nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function having a two-step structure. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we determine a comprehensive phase diagram of the nonequilibrium superconductor. Our analysis reveals that the interplay between Zeeman-split energy bands and the nonequilibrium distribution function gives rise to a rich phase structure. Notably, we find that superconductivity destroyed by a strong external magnetic field revives by applying the bias voltage. This reentrant phenomenon is shown to originate from four effective "Fermi surfaces" that result from the combination of Zeeman-split energy bands and the two-step structure in the nonequilibrium distribution function. Our results demonstrate the possibility of controlling quantum states of matter through the combined engineering of energy band structures and distribution functions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_04179 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Engineering nonequilibrium superconducting phases in a voltage-driven superconductor under an external magnetic field Kawamura, Taira Ohashi, Yoji Superconductivity We theoretically investigate nonequilibrium properties of a normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (NSN) junction under an external magnetic field. When a bias voltage is applied between the normal-metal leads, the confined superconductor is driven out of equilibrium, resulting in a nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function having a two-step structure. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we determine a comprehensive phase diagram of the nonequilibrium superconductor. Our analysis reveals that the interplay between Zeeman-split energy bands and the nonequilibrium distribution function gives rise to a rich phase structure. Notably, we find that superconductivity destroyed by a strong external magnetic field revives by applying the bias voltage. This reentrant phenomenon is shown to originate from four effective "Fermi surfaces" that result from the combination of Zeeman-split energy bands and the two-step structure in the nonequilibrium distribution function. Our results demonstrate the possibility of controlling quantum states of matter through the combined engineering of energy band structures and distribution functions. |
| title | Engineering nonequilibrium superconducting phases in a voltage-driven superconductor under an external magnetic field |
| topic | Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04179 |