Characterizing the positive inertia index of connected signed graphs in terms of girth

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Khan, Suliman, Hayat, Sakander, Alenazi, Mohammed J. F.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866915185107664896
author Khan, Suliman
Hayat, Sakander
Alenazi, Mohammed J. F.
author_facet Khan, Suliman
Hayat, Sakander
Alenazi, Mohammed J. F.
contents Let $G^σ=(G,σ)$ be a connected signed graph and $A(G^σ)$ be its adjacency matrix. The positive inertia index of $G^σ$, denoted by $p^{+}(G^σ)$, is defined as the number of positive eigenvalues of $A(G^σ)$. Assume that $G^σ$ contains at least one cycle, and let $g_{r}$ be its girth. In this paper, we prove $p^{+}(G^σ) \geq \lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil-1$ for a signed graph $G^σ$. The extremal signed graphs corresponding to $p^{+}(G^σ) = \lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil-1$ and $p^{+}(G^σ) =\lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil$ are characterized, respectively. The results presented in this article extend the recent work on ordinary graphs by Duan and Yang (Linear Algebra Appl., 2024) to the context of signed graphs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_05135
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Characterizing the positive inertia index of connected signed graphs in terms of girth
Khan, Suliman
Hayat, Sakander
Alenazi, Mohammed J. F.
Combinatorics
05C22, 05C50
Let $G^σ=(G,σ)$ be a connected signed graph and $A(G^σ)$ be its adjacency matrix. The positive inertia index of $G^σ$, denoted by $p^{+}(G^σ)$, is defined as the number of positive eigenvalues of $A(G^σ)$. Assume that $G^σ$ contains at least one cycle, and let $g_{r}$ be its girth. In this paper, we prove $p^{+}(G^σ) \geq \lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil-1$ for a signed graph $G^σ$. The extremal signed graphs corresponding to $p^{+}(G^σ) = \lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil-1$ and $p^{+}(G^σ) =\lceil \frac {g_{r}}{2} \rceil$ are characterized, respectively. The results presented in this article extend the recent work on ordinary graphs by Duan and Yang (Linear Algebra Appl., 2024) to the context of signed graphs.
title Characterizing the positive inertia index of connected signed graphs in terms of girth
topic Combinatorics
05C22, 05C50
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05135