Post-Hoc Concept Disentanglement: From Correlated to Isolated Concept Representations

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Erogullari, Eren, Lapuschkin, Sebastian, Samek, Wojciech, Pahde, Frederik
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Erogullari, Eren
Lapuschkin, Sebastian
Samek, Wojciech
Pahde, Frederik
author_facet Erogullari, Eren
Lapuschkin, Sebastian
Samek, Wojciech
Pahde, Frederik
contents Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) are widely used to model human-understandable concepts as directions within the latent space of neural networks. They are trained by identifying directions from the activations of concept samples to those of non-concept samples. However, this method often produces similar, non-orthogonal directions for correlated concepts, such as "beard" and "necktie" within the CelebA dataset, which frequently co-occur in images of men. This entanglement complicates the interpretation of concepts in isolation and can lead to undesired effects in CAV applications, such as activation steering. To address this issue, we introduce a post-hoc concept disentanglement method that employs a non-orthogonality loss, facilitating the identification of orthogonal concept directions while preserving directional correctness. We evaluate our approach with real-world and controlled correlated concepts in CelebA and a synthetic FunnyBirds dataset with VGG16 and ResNet18 architectures. We further demonstrate the superiority of orthogonalized concept representations in activation steering tasks, allowing (1) the insertion of isolated concepts into input images through generative models and (2) the removal of concepts for effective shortcut suppression with reduced impact on correlated concepts in comparison to baseline CAVs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_05522
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Post-Hoc Concept Disentanglement: From Correlated to Isolated Concept Representations
Erogullari, Eren
Lapuschkin, Sebastian
Samek, Wojciech
Pahde, Frederik
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) are widely used to model human-understandable concepts as directions within the latent space of neural networks. They are trained by identifying directions from the activations of concept samples to those of non-concept samples. However, this method often produces similar, non-orthogonal directions for correlated concepts, such as "beard" and "necktie" within the CelebA dataset, which frequently co-occur in images of men. This entanglement complicates the interpretation of concepts in isolation and can lead to undesired effects in CAV applications, such as activation steering. To address this issue, we introduce a post-hoc concept disentanglement method that employs a non-orthogonality loss, facilitating the identification of orthogonal concept directions while preserving directional correctness. We evaluate our approach with real-world and controlled correlated concepts in CelebA and a synthetic FunnyBirds dataset with VGG16 and ResNet18 architectures. We further demonstrate the superiority of orthogonalized concept representations in activation steering tasks, allowing (1) the insertion of isolated concepts into input images through generative models and (2) the removal of concepts for effective shortcut suppression with reduced impact on correlated concepts in comparison to baseline CAVs.
title Post-Hoc Concept Disentanglement: From Correlated to Isolated Concept Representations
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05522