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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hati, A., Pomponio, M., Nardelli, N. V., Grogan, T., Kim, K., Lee, D., Ye, J., Fortier, T. M., Ludlow, A., Nelson, C. W.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05547
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author Hati, A.
Pomponio, M.
Nardelli, N. V.
Grogan, T.
Kim, K.
Lee, D.
Ye, J.
Fortier, T. M.
Ludlow, A.
Nelson, C. W.
author_facet Hati, A.
Pomponio, M.
Nardelli, N. V.
Grogan, T.
Kim, K.
Lee, D.
Ye, J.
Fortier, T. M.
Ludlow, A.
Nelson, C. W.
contents This paper presents a frequency synthesis that achieves exceptional stability by transferring optical signals to the radio frequency (RF) domain at 100 MHz. We describe and characterize two synthesis chains composed of a cryogenic silicon cavity-stabilized laser at 1542 nm and an ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass cavity at 1157 nm, both converted to 10 GHz signals via Ti:Sapphire and Er/Yb:glass optical frequency combs (OFCs). The 10 GHz microwave outputs are further divided down to 100 MHz using a commercial microwave prescaler, which exhibits a residual frequency instability of $σ_y(1~\text{s})<10^{-15}$ and low $10^{-18}$ level at a few thousand seconds. Measurements are performed using a newly developed custom ultra-low-noise digital measurement system and are compared to the carrier-suppression technique. The new system enables high-sensitivity evaluation across the entire synthesis chain, from the optical and microwave heterodynes as well as the direct RF signals. Results show an absolute instability of $σ_y(1~\text{s})~\approx~4.7\times10^{-16}$ at 100 MHz. This represents the first demonstration of such low instability at 100 MHz, corresponding to a phase noise of -140 dBc/Hz at a 1 Hz offset and significantly surpassing earlier systems. These advancements open new opportunities for precision metrology and timing systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_05547
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Radio Frequency from Optical with Instabilities below $10^{-15}$- Generation and Measurement
Hati, A.
Pomponio, M.
Nardelli, N. V.
Grogan, T.
Kim, K.
Lee, D.
Ye, J.
Fortier, T. M.
Ludlow, A.
Nelson, C. W.
Optics
This paper presents a frequency synthesis that achieves exceptional stability by transferring optical signals to the radio frequency (RF) domain at 100 MHz. We describe and characterize two synthesis chains composed of a cryogenic silicon cavity-stabilized laser at 1542 nm and an ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass cavity at 1157 nm, both converted to 10 GHz signals via Ti:Sapphire and Er/Yb:glass optical frequency combs (OFCs). The 10 GHz microwave outputs are further divided down to 100 MHz using a commercial microwave prescaler, which exhibits a residual frequency instability of $σ_y(1~\text{s})<10^{-15}$ and low $10^{-18}$ level at a few thousand seconds. Measurements are performed using a newly developed custom ultra-low-noise digital measurement system and are compared to the carrier-suppression technique. The new system enables high-sensitivity evaluation across the entire synthesis chain, from the optical and microwave heterodynes as well as the direct RF signals. Results show an absolute instability of $σ_y(1~\text{s})~\approx~4.7\times10^{-16}$ at 100 MHz. This represents the first demonstration of such low instability at 100 MHz, corresponding to a phase noise of -140 dBc/Hz at a 1 Hz offset and significantly surpassing earlier systems. These advancements open new opportunities for precision metrology and timing systems.
title Radio Frequency from Optical with Instabilities below $10^{-15}$- Generation and Measurement
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05547