Metastable Cosmic Strings and Gravitational Waves from Flavour Symmetry Breaking

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Antusch, Stefan, Hinze, Kevin, Saad, Shaikh
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Antusch, Stefan
Hinze, Kevin
Saad, Shaikh
author_facet Antusch, Stefan
Hinze, Kevin
Saad, Shaikh
contents Metastable cosmic strings (MSCSs) are among the best-fitting explanations of the 2023 pulsar timing array (PTA) signal for gravitational waves at nanohertz frequencies. We propose the novel possibility that a network of MSCSs generating this signal originates from the multi-step spontaneous breaking of a gauged flavour symmetry. As a specific example, we construct a model of $SU(2)$ flavour symmetry in the context of $SU(5)$ grand unification, where the $SU(2)$ acts exclusively on the first two generations of the matter 10-plet, such that it is ``right for leptons'' and allows for large lepton mixing. The model explains the mass hierarchies of the Standard Model fermions, and predicts the string scale of the MSCSs in a range compatible with the 2023 PTA signal. Cosmic inflation is associated with the latter step of (two-step) family symmetry breaking, and the phase transition ending inflation generates the cosmic string network.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_05868
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Metastable Cosmic Strings and Gravitational Waves from Flavour Symmetry Breaking
Antusch, Stefan
Hinze, Kevin
Saad, Shaikh
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Metastable cosmic strings (MSCSs) are among the best-fitting explanations of the 2023 pulsar timing array (PTA) signal for gravitational waves at nanohertz frequencies. We propose the novel possibility that a network of MSCSs generating this signal originates from the multi-step spontaneous breaking of a gauged flavour symmetry. As a specific example, we construct a model of $SU(2)$ flavour symmetry in the context of $SU(5)$ grand unification, where the $SU(2)$ acts exclusively on the first two generations of the matter 10-plet, such that it is ``right for leptons'' and allows for large lepton mixing. The model explains the mass hierarchies of the Standard Model fermions, and predicts the string scale of the MSCSs in a range compatible with the 2023 PTA signal. Cosmic inflation is associated with the latter step of (two-step) family symmetry breaking, and the phase transition ending inflation generates the cosmic string network.
title Metastable Cosmic Strings and Gravitational Waves from Flavour Symmetry Breaking
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05868