Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866916875433148416 |
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| author | Chen, Huinan Cai, Binbin Gao, Fei Lin, Song |
| author_facet | Chen, Huinan Cai, Binbin Gao, Fei Lin, Song |
| contents | The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used and well-studied for its efficiency and strong security. This paper presents quantum circuit designs for the AES S-box by introducing the composite field \( F((2^4)^2) \) to replace the traditional field \( F(2^8) \), enabling the inversion to be decomposed into operations over \( F(2^4) \). This work reduces the quantum resource overhead required for implementing the S-box by decreasing the number of $CNOT$ gates in the matrix multiplication, lowering the depth of $T$ gates in both the inversion circuit and the multiplication circuit. Besides, the widths for the S-box quantum circuits are also optimized during the inversion circuit and multiplication circuit. With a linear key schedule, the resulting AES-128 quantum circuit reduce the product of the circuit width and $T$ depth to 102800, which is the lowest known to date. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_06097 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs Chen, Huinan Cai, Binbin Gao, Fei Lin, Song Quantum Physics The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used and well-studied for its efficiency and strong security. This paper presents quantum circuit designs for the AES S-box by introducing the composite field \( F((2^4)^2) \) to replace the traditional field \( F(2^8) \), enabling the inversion to be decomposed into operations over \( F(2^4) \). This work reduces the quantum resource overhead required for implementing the S-box by decreasing the number of $CNOT$ gates in the matrix multiplication, lowering the depth of $T$ gates in both the inversion circuit and the multiplication circuit. Besides, the widths for the S-box quantum circuits are also optimized during the inversion circuit and multiplication circuit. With a linear key schedule, the resulting AES-128 quantum circuit reduce the product of the circuit width and $T$ depth to 102800, which is the lowest known to date. |
| title | Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06097 |