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Dark Energy Survey: implications for cosmological expansion models from the final DES Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Supernova data

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Main Authors:	DES Collaboration, Abbott, T. M. C., Acevedo, M., Adamow, M., Aguena, M., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Alves, O., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Armstrong, P., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Bechtol, K., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Burke, D. L., Camacho, H., Camilleri, R., Campailla, G., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carr, A., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chan, K. C., Chang, C., Chen, R., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., Deiosso, N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dodelson, S., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Ferté, A., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., Galbany, L., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Jeffrey, N., Jeltema, T., Kessler, R., Lahav, O., Lee, J., Lee, S., Lidman, C., Lin, H., Lin, M., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Muir, J., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Palmese, A., Paterno, M., Percival, W. J., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Popovic, B., Porredon, A., Prat, J., Qu, H., Raveri, M., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Scolnic, D., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Shah, P., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Sánchez, B. O., Tarle, G., Taylor, G., Thomas, D., To, C., Cipriano, L. Toribio San, Toy, M., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vincenzi, M., Walker, A. R., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Wiseman, P., Yamamoto, M., Yanny, B.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	DES Collaboration Abbott, T. M. C. Acevedo, M. Adamow, M. Aguena, M. Alarcon, A. Allam, S. Alves, O. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Annis, J. Armstrong, P. Avila, S. Bacon, D. Bechtol, K. Blazek, J. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Brout, D. Burke, D. L. Camacho, H. Camilleri, R. Campailla, G. Rosell, A. Carnero Carr, A. Carretero, J. Castander, F. J. Cawthon, R. Chan, K. C. Chang, C. Chen, R. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. Crocce, M. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Davis, T. M. De Vicente, J. Deiosso, N. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Dodelson, S. Doux, C. Drlica-Wagner, A. Elvin-Poole, J. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Ferté, A. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. Galbany, L. García-Bellido, J. Gatti, M. Gaztanaga, E. Giannini, G. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hartley, W. G. Herner, K. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. Huterer, D. James, D. J. Jeffrey, N. Jeltema, T. Kessler, R. Lahav, O. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lidman, C. Lin, H. Lin, M. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Möller, A. Nichol, R. C. Palmese, A. Paterno, M. Percival, W. J. Pieres, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Popovic, B. Porredon, A. Prat, J. Qu, H. Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rykoff, E. S. Sako, M. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Scolnic, D. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Shah, P. Sheldon, E. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Sullivan, M. Swanson, M. E. C. Sánchez, B. O. Tarle, G. Taylor, G. Thomas, D. To, C. Cipriano, L. Toribio San Toy, M. Troxel, M. A. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Vincenzi, M. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Wiseman, P. Yamamoto, M. Yanny, B.
author_facet	DES Collaboration Abbott, T. M. C. Acevedo, M. Adamow, M. Aguena, M. Alarcon, A. Allam, S. Alves, O. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Annis, J. Armstrong, P. Avila, S. Bacon, D. Bechtol, K. Blazek, J. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Brout, D. Burke, D. L. Camacho, H. Camilleri, R. Campailla, G. Rosell, A. Carnero Carr, A. Carretero, J. Castander, F. J. Cawthon, R. Chan, K. C. Chang, C. Chen, R. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. Crocce, M. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Davis, T. M. De Vicente, J. Deiosso, N. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Dodelson, S. Doux, C. Drlica-Wagner, A. Elvin-Poole, J. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Ferté, A. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. Galbany, L. García-Bellido, J. Gatti, M. Gaztanaga, E. Giannini, G. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hartley, W. G. Herner, K. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. Huterer, D. James, D. J. Jeffrey, N. Jeltema, T. Kessler, R. Lahav, O. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lidman, C. Lin, H. Lin, M. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Möller, A. Nichol, R. C. Palmese, A. Paterno, M. Percival, W. J. Pieres, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Popovic, B. Porredon, A. Prat, J. Qu, H. Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rykoff, E. S. Sako, M. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Scolnic, D. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Shah, P. Sheldon, E. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Sullivan, M. Swanson, M. E. C. Sánchez, B. O. Tarle, G. Taylor, G. Thomas, D. To, C. Cipriano, L. Toribio San Toy, M. Troxel, M. A. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Vincenzi, M. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Wiseman, P. Yamamoto, M. Yanny, B.
contents	The Dark Energy Survey (DES) recently released the final results of its two principal probes of the expansion history: Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). We explore the cosmological implications of these data in combination with external Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), and age-of-the-Universe information. The BAO measurement, $\sim2σ$ away from Planck's $Λ$CDM predictions, pushes for low values of $Ω_{\rm m}$ compared to Planck, in contrast to SN which prefers a higher value. We identify several tensions among datasets in the $Λ$CDM model that cannot be resolved by including either curvature or a constant dark energy equation of state. By combining BAO+SN+CMB despite these mild tensions, we obtain $Ω_k$=$-5.5^{+4.6}_{-4.2}\times10^{-3}$ in $kΛ$CDM, and $w=-0.948^{+0.028}_{-0.027}$ in $w$CDM. In $w$CDM, BAO and SN push again in different directions of parameter space, favoring, respectively $w<-1$ and $w>-1$. If we open the parameter space to $w_0w_a$CDM, all the datasets are mutually more compatible, and we find concordance in the $w_0>-1,w_a<0$ quadrant, with BAO pushing for $w_a<0$ and SN for $[w_0>-1,w_a<0]$. For DES BAO and SN in combination with Planck-CMB, we find a $3.2σ$ deviation from $Λ$CDM, with $w_0=-0.673^{+0.098}_{-0.097}$, $w_a = -1.37^{+0.51}_{-0.50}$, a Hubble constant of $H_0=67.81^{+0.96}_{-0.86}$km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$, and an abundance of matter of $Ω_{\rm m}=0.3109^{+0.0086}_{-0.0099}$. For the combination of all the background cosmological probes considered we still find a deviation of $2.8σ$ from $Λ$CDM in the $w_0-w_a$ plane. Assuming a minimal neutrino mass, this work provides tentative evidence for non-$Λ$CDM physics, which is consistent with recent claims in support of evolving dark energy, or a source of unknown systematics.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_06712
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Dark Energy Survey: implications for cosmological expansion models from the final DES Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Supernova data DES Collaboration Abbott, T. M. C. Acevedo, M. Adamow, M. Aguena, M. Alarcon, A. Allam, S. Alves, O. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Annis, J. Armstrong, P. Avila, S. Bacon, D. Bechtol, K. Blazek, J. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Brout, D. Burke, D. L. Camacho, H. Camilleri, R. Campailla, G. Rosell, A. Carnero Carr, A. Carretero, J. Castander, F. J. Cawthon, R. Chan, K. C. Chang, C. Chen, R. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. Crocce, M. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Davis, T. M. De Vicente, J. Deiosso, N. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Dodelson, S. Doux, C. Drlica-Wagner, A. Elvin-Poole, J. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Ferté, A. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. Galbany, L. García-Bellido, J. Gatti, M. Gaztanaga, E. Giannini, G. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hartley, W. G. Herner, K. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. Huterer, D. James, D. J. Jeffrey, N. Jeltema, T. Kessler, R. Lahav, O. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lidman, C. Lin, H. Lin, M. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Möller, A. Nichol, R. C. Palmese, A. Paterno, M. Percival, W. J. Pieres, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Popovic, B. Porredon, A. Prat, J. Qu, H. Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rykoff, E. S. Sako, M. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Scolnic, D. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Shah, P. Sheldon, E. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Sullivan, M. Swanson, M. E. C. Sánchez, B. O. Tarle, G. Taylor, G. Thomas, D. To, C. Cipriano, L. Toribio San Toy, M. Troxel, M. A. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Vincenzi, M. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Wiseman, P. Yamamoto, M. Yanny, B. Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics The Dark Energy Survey (DES) recently released the final results of its two principal probes of the expansion history: Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). We explore the cosmological implications of these data in combination with external Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), and age-of-the-Universe information. The BAO measurement, $\sim2σ$ away from Planck's $Λ$CDM predictions, pushes for low values of $Ω_{\rm m}$ compared to Planck, in contrast to SN which prefers a higher value. We identify several tensions among datasets in the $Λ$CDM model that cannot be resolved by including either curvature or a constant dark energy equation of state. By combining BAO+SN+CMB despite these mild tensions, we obtain $Ω_k$=$-5.5^{+4.6}_{-4.2}\times10^{-3}$ in $kΛ$CDM, and $w=-0.948^{+0.028}_{-0.027}$ in $w$CDM. In $w$CDM, BAO and SN push again in different directions of parameter space, favoring, respectively $w<-1$ and $w>-1$. If we open the parameter space to $w_0w_a$CDM, all the datasets are mutually more compatible, and we find concordance in the $w_0>-1,w_a<0$ quadrant, with BAO pushing for $w_a<0$ and SN for $[w_0>-1,w_a<0]$. For DES BAO and SN in combination with Planck-CMB, we find a $3.2σ$ deviation from $Λ$CDM, with $w_0=-0.673^{+0.098}_{-0.097}$, $w_a = -1.37^{+0.51}_{-0.50}$, a Hubble constant of $H_0=67.81^{+0.96}_{-0.86}$km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$, and an abundance of matter of $Ω_{\rm m}=0.3109^{+0.0086}_{-0.0099}$. For the combination of all the background cosmological probes considered we still find a deviation of $2.8σ$ from $Λ$CDM in the $w_0-w_a$ plane. Assuming a minimal neutrino mass, this work provides tentative evidence for non-$Λ$CDM physics, which is consistent with recent claims in support of evolving dark energy, or a source of unknown systematics.
title	Dark Energy Survey: implications for cosmological expansion models from the final DES Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Supernova data
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06712