A Survey on Wi-Fi Sensing Generalizability: Taxonomy, Techniques, Datasets, and Future Research Prospects

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Main Authors: Wang, Fei, Zhang, Tingting, Xi, Wei, Ding, Han, Wang, Ge, Zhang, Di, Cui, Yuanhao, Liu, Fan, Han, Jinsong, Xu, Jie, Han, Tony Xiao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Fei
Zhang, Tingting
Xi, Wei
Ding, Han
Wang, Ge
Zhang, Di
Cui, Yuanhao
Liu, Fan
Han, Jinsong
Xu, Jie
Han, Tony Xiao
author_facet Wang, Fei
Zhang, Tingting
Xi, Wei
Ding, Han
Wang, Ge
Zhang, Di
Cui, Yuanhao
Liu, Fan
Han, Jinsong
Xu, Jie
Han, Tony Xiao
contents Wi-Fi sensing has emerged as a powerful non-intrusive technology for recognizing human activities, monitoring vital signs, and enabling context-aware applications using commercial wireless devices. However, the performance of Wi-Fi sensing often degrades when applied to new users, devices, or environments due to significant domain shifts. To address this challenge, researchers have proposed a wide range of generalization techniques aimed at enhancing the robustness and adaptability of Wi-Fi sensing systems. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive and structured review of over 200 papers published since 2015, categorizing them according to the Wi-Fi sensing pipeline: experimental setup, signal preprocessing, feature learning, and model deployment. We analyze key techniques, including signal preprocessing, domain adaptation, meta-learning, metric learning, data augmentation, cross-modal alignment, federated learning, and continual learning. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available datasets across various tasks, such as activity recognition, user identification, indoor localization, and pose estimation, and provide insights into their domain diversity. We also discuss emerging trends and future directions, including large-scale pretraining, integration with multimodal foundation models, and continual deployment. To foster community collaboration, we introduce the Sensing Dataset Platform (SDP) for sharing datasets and models. This survey aims to serve as a valuable reference and practical guide for researchers and practitioners dedicated to improving the generalizability of Wi-Fi sensing systems. Survey papge: https://github.com/aiotgroup/awesome-wireless-sensing-generalization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_08008
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Survey on Wi-Fi Sensing Generalizability: Taxonomy, Techniques, Datasets, and Future Research Prospects
Wang, Fei
Zhang, Tingting
Xi, Wei
Ding, Han
Wang, Ge
Zhang, Di
Cui, Yuanhao
Liu, Fan
Han, Jinsong
Xu, Jie
Han, Tony Xiao
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Wi-Fi sensing has emerged as a powerful non-intrusive technology for recognizing human activities, monitoring vital signs, and enabling context-aware applications using commercial wireless devices. However, the performance of Wi-Fi sensing often degrades when applied to new users, devices, or environments due to significant domain shifts. To address this challenge, researchers have proposed a wide range of generalization techniques aimed at enhancing the robustness and adaptability of Wi-Fi sensing systems. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive and structured review of over 200 papers published since 2015, categorizing them according to the Wi-Fi sensing pipeline: experimental setup, signal preprocessing, feature learning, and model deployment. We analyze key techniques, including signal preprocessing, domain adaptation, meta-learning, metric learning, data augmentation, cross-modal alignment, federated learning, and continual learning. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available datasets across various tasks, such as activity recognition, user identification, indoor localization, and pose estimation, and provide insights into their domain diversity. We also discuss emerging trends and future directions, including large-scale pretraining, integration with multimodal foundation models, and continual deployment. To foster community collaboration, we introduce the Sensing Dataset Platform (SDP) for sharing datasets and models. This survey aims to serve as a valuable reference and practical guide for researchers and practitioners dedicated to improving the generalizability of Wi-Fi sensing systems. Survey papge: https://github.com/aiotgroup/awesome-wireless-sensing-generalization.
title A Survey on Wi-Fi Sensing Generalizability: Taxonomy, Techniques, Datasets, and Future Research Prospects
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08008