Identification of Star Clusters in M31 from PAndAS Images Based on Deep Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Baisong, Chen, Bingqiu, Yuan, Haibo, Chen, Pinjian, Wang, Shoucheng, Zhang, Lunwei, Ren, Yi, Guo, Helong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Baisong
Chen, Bingqiu
Yuan, Haibo
Chen, Pinjian
Wang, Shoucheng
Zhang, Lunwei
Ren, Yi
Guo, Helong
author_facet Zhang, Baisong
Chen, Bingqiu
Yuan, Haibo
Chen, Pinjian
Wang, Shoucheng
Zhang, Lunwei
Ren, Yi
Guo, Helong
contents The identification of star clusters holds significant importance in studying galaxy formation and evolution history. However, the task of swiftly and accurately identifying star clusters from vast amounts of photometric images presents an immense challenge. To address these difficulties, we employ deep learning models for image classification to identify young disk star clusters in M31 from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) images. For training, validation, and testing, we utilize the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey catalogs. We evaluate the performance of various deep learning models, using different classification thresholds and limiting magnitudes. Our findings indicate that the ResNet-50 model exhibits the highest overall accuracy. Moreover, using brighter limiting magnitudes and increasing the classification thresholds can effectively enhance the accuracy and precision of cluster identification. Through our experiments, we found that the model achieves optimal performance when the limiting magnitude is set to brighter than 21 mag. Based on this, we constructed a training dataset with magnitudes less than 21 mag and trained a second ResNet-50 model. This model achieved a purity of 89.30%, a recall of 73.55%, and an F1 score of 80.66% when the classification threshold was set to 0.669. Applying the second model to all sources in the PAndAS fields within a projected radius of 30 kpc from the center of M31, we identified 2,228 new unique star cluster candidates. We conducted visual inspections to validate the results produced by our automated methods, and we ultimately obtained 1,057 star cluster candidates, of which 745 are newly identified.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_08130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Identification of Star Clusters in M31 from PAndAS Images Based on Deep Learning
Zhang, Baisong
Chen, Bingqiu
Yuan, Haibo
Chen, Pinjian
Wang, Shoucheng
Zhang, Lunwei
Ren, Yi
Guo, Helong
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The identification of star clusters holds significant importance in studying galaxy formation and evolution history. However, the task of swiftly and accurately identifying star clusters from vast amounts of photometric images presents an immense challenge. To address these difficulties, we employ deep learning models for image classification to identify young disk star clusters in M31 from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) images. For training, validation, and testing, we utilize the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey catalogs. We evaluate the performance of various deep learning models, using different classification thresholds and limiting magnitudes. Our findings indicate that the ResNet-50 model exhibits the highest overall accuracy. Moreover, using brighter limiting magnitudes and increasing the classification thresholds can effectively enhance the accuracy and precision of cluster identification. Through our experiments, we found that the model achieves optimal performance when the limiting magnitude is set to brighter than 21 mag. Based on this, we constructed a training dataset with magnitudes less than 21 mag and trained a second ResNet-50 model. This model achieved a purity of 89.30%, a recall of 73.55%, and an F1 score of 80.66% when the classification threshold was set to 0.669. Applying the second model to all sources in the PAndAS fields within a projected radius of 30 kpc from the center of M31, we identified 2,228 new unique star cluster candidates. We conducted visual inspections to validate the results produced by our automated methods, and we ultimately obtained 1,057 star cluster candidates, of which 745 are newly identified.
title Identification of Star Clusters in M31 from PAndAS Images Based on Deep Learning
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08130