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Main Authors: Song, Zeyan, Wang, Hanchao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08139
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author Song, Zeyan
Wang, Hanchao
author_facet Song, Zeyan
Wang, Hanchao
contents Let A be an n x n symmetric random matrix whose upper-triangular entries are independent and follow possibly non-identical subgaussian distributions. This paper investigates the spectral properties of A, including its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Firstly, we prove that for k <= n / log n, 1 <= i <= n - k and epsilon >= 0, P(the gap between the (i+k)-th and i-th eigenvalues is at most epsilon n^(-1/2)) <= (C epsilon)^((k^2 + k)/2) + exp(-c n), where the eigenvalues are ordered increasingly. Secondly, combining the recent result of Yi Han, we give a quantitative estimate of the singular values of A. For c log n <= k <= sqrt(n) and epsilon >= 0, we have P(the (n-k+1)-th smallest singular value of A is at most k epsilon n^(-1/2)) <= (C epsilon)^(c k^2) + exp(-c k n), where the singular values are ordered increasingly. Finally, based on the distance analytical framework developed for the eigenvalue gap, we further derive quantitative bounds for singular values and delocalization of eigenvectors. In particular, we establish a quantitative bound for the probability that some eigenvector of A exhibits no-gap delocalization, which improves the result of Rudelson and Vershynin.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_08139
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The eigenvalue gap of inhomogeneous symmetric discrete random matrix
Song, Zeyan
Wang, Hanchao
Probability
Let A be an n x n symmetric random matrix whose upper-triangular entries are independent and follow possibly non-identical subgaussian distributions. This paper investigates the spectral properties of A, including its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Firstly, we prove that for k <= n / log n, 1 <= i <= n - k and epsilon >= 0, P(the gap between the (i+k)-th and i-th eigenvalues is at most epsilon n^(-1/2)) <= (C epsilon)^((k^2 + k)/2) + exp(-c n), where the eigenvalues are ordered increasingly. Secondly, combining the recent result of Yi Han, we give a quantitative estimate of the singular values of A. For c log n <= k <= sqrt(n) and epsilon >= 0, we have P(the (n-k+1)-th smallest singular value of A is at most k epsilon n^(-1/2)) <= (C epsilon)^(c k^2) + exp(-c k n), where the singular values are ordered increasingly. Finally, based on the distance analytical framework developed for the eigenvalue gap, we further derive quantitative bounds for singular values and delocalization of eigenvectors. In particular, we establish a quantitative bound for the probability that some eigenvector of A exhibits no-gap delocalization, which improves the result of Rudelson and Vershynin.
title The eigenvalue gap of inhomogeneous symmetric discrete random matrix
topic Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08139