The Algorithmic State Architecture (ASA): An Integrated Framework for AI-Enabled Government

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Engin, Zeynep, Crowcroft, Jon, Hand, David, Treleaven, Philip
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Engin, Zeynep
Crowcroft, Jon
Hand, David
Treleaven, Philip
author_facet Engin, Zeynep
Crowcroft, Jon
Hand, David
Treleaven, Philip
contents As artificial intelligence transforms public sector operations, governments struggle to integrate technological innovations into coherent systems for effective service delivery. This paper introduces the Algorithmic State Architecture (ASA), a novel four-layer framework conceptualising how Digital Public Infrastructure, Data-for-Policy, Algorithmic Government/Governance, and GovTech interact as an integrated system in AI-enabled states. Unlike approaches that treat these as parallel developments, ASA positions them as interdependent layers with specific enabling relationships and feedback mechanisms. Through comparative analysis of implementations in Estonia, Singapore, India, and the UK, we demonstrate how foundational digital infrastructure enables systematic data collection, which powers algorithmic decision-making processes, ultimately manifesting in user-facing services. Our analysis reveals that successful implementations require balanced development across all layers, with particular attention to integration mechanisms between them. The framework contributes to both theory and practice by bridging previously disconnected domains of digital government research, identifying critical dependencies that influence implementation success, and providing a structured approach for analysing the maturity and development pathways of AI-enabled government systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_08725
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Algorithmic State Architecture (ASA): An Integrated Framework for AI-Enabled Government
Engin, Zeynep
Crowcroft, Jon
Hand, David
Treleaven, Philip
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Emerging Technologies
Multiagent Systems
Systems and Control
As artificial intelligence transforms public sector operations, governments struggle to integrate technological innovations into coherent systems for effective service delivery. This paper introduces the Algorithmic State Architecture (ASA), a novel four-layer framework conceptualising how Digital Public Infrastructure, Data-for-Policy, Algorithmic Government/Governance, and GovTech interact as an integrated system in AI-enabled states. Unlike approaches that treat these as parallel developments, ASA positions them as interdependent layers with specific enabling relationships and feedback mechanisms. Through comparative analysis of implementations in Estonia, Singapore, India, and the UK, we demonstrate how foundational digital infrastructure enables systematic data collection, which powers algorithmic decision-making processes, ultimately manifesting in user-facing services. Our analysis reveals that successful implementations require balanced development across all layers, with particular attention to integration mechanisms between them. The framework contributes to both theory and practice by bridging previously disconnected domains of digital government research, identifying critical dependencies that influence implementation success, and providing a structured approach for analysing the maturity and development pathways of AI-enabled government systems.
title The Algorithmic State Architecture (ASA): An Integrated Framework for AI-Enabled Government
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Emerging Technologies
Multiagent Systems
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08725