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Main Authors: Marmonier, Malik, Bawden, Rachel, Sagot, Benoît
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09454
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author Marmonier, Malik
Bawden, Rachel
Sagot, Benoît
author_facet Marmonier, Malik
Bawden, Rachel
Sagot, Benoît
contents This study explores an LLM's ability to learn new languages using explanations found in a grammar book, a process we term "explicit learning." To rigorously assess this ability, we design controlled translation experiments between English and constructed languages generated, through specific cryptographic means, from Latin or French. Contrary to previous studies, our results demonstrate that LLMs do possess a measurable capacity for explicit learning. This ability, however, diminishes as the complexity of the linguistic phenomena to be learned increases. Supervised fine-tuning on ad hoc chains of thought significantly enhances LLM performance but struggles to generalize to typologically novel or more complex linguistic features. These findings point to the need for more diverse training sets and alternative fine-tuning strategies to further improve explicit learning by LLMs, benefiting low-resource languages typically described in grammar books but lacking extensive corpora.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_09454
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explicit Learning and the LLM in Machine Translation
Marmonier, Malik
Bawden, Rachel
Sagot, Benoît
Computation and Language
This study explores an LLM's ability to learn new languages using explanations found in a grammar book, a process we term "explicit learning." To rigorously assess this ability, we design controlled translation experiments between English and constructed languages generated, through specific cryptographic means, from Latin or French. Contrary to previous studies, our results demonstrate that LLMs do possess a measurable capacity for explicit learning. This ability, however, diminishes as the complexity of the linguistic phenomena to be learned increases. Supervised fine-tuning on ad hoc chains of thought significantly enhances LLM performance but struggles to generalize to typologically novel or more complex linguistic features. These findings point to the need for more diverse training sets and alternative fine-tuning strategies to further improve explicit learning by LLMs, benefiting low-resource languages typically described in grammar books but lacking extensive corpora.
title Explicit Learning and the LLM in Machine Translation
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09454