Permutation-based Strategies for Labeled Chip-Firing on $k$-ary Trees

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Inagaki, Ryota, Khovanova, Tanya, Luo, Austin
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Inagaki, Ryota
Khovanova, Tanya
Luo, Austin
author_facet Inagaki, Ryota
Khovanova, Tanya
Luo, Austin
contents Chip-firing is a combinatorial game on a graph, in which chips are placed and dispersed among its vertices until a stable configuration is achieved. We specifically study a chip-firing variant on an infinite, rooted, directed $k$-ary tree where we place $k^n$ chips labeled $0,1,\dots, k^n-1$ on the root for some nonnegative integer $n$, and we say a vertex $v$ can fire if it has at least $k$ chips. When a vertex fires, we select $k$ labeled chips and send the $i$th smallest chip among them to its $i$th leftmost child. A stable configuration is reached when no vertex can fire. In this paper, we focus on stable configurations resulting from specific firing strategies based on permutations of $1, 2, \dots, n$. We then express the stable configuration as a permutation of $0,1, 2, \dots, k^n-1$ and explore its properties, such as the number of inversions and descents.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_09577
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Permutation-based Strategies for Labeled Chip-Firing on $k$-ary Trees
Inagaki, Ryota
Khovanova, Tanya
Luo, Austin
Combinatorics
05C57, 05C63, 05A05, 05A15
Chip-firing is a combinatorial game on a graph, in which chips are placed and dispersed among its vertices until a stable configuration is achieved. We specifically study a chip-firing variant on an infinite, rooted, directed $k$-ary tree where we place $k^n$ chips labeled $0,1,\dots, k^n-1$ on the root for some nonnegative integer $n$, and we say a vertex $v$ can fire if it has at least $k$ chips. When a vertex fires, we select $k$ labeled chips and send the $i$th smallest chip among them to its $i$th leftmost child. A stable configuration is reached when no vertex can fire. In this paper, we focus on stable configurations resulting from specific firing strategies based on permutations of $1, 2, \dots, n$. We then express the stable configuration as a permutation of $0,1, 2, \dots, k^n-1$ and explore its properties, such as the number of inversions and descents.
title Permutation-based Strategies for Labeled Chip-Firing on $k$-ary Trees
topic Combinatorics
05C57, 05C63, 05A05, 05A15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09577