The Complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (CS$^4$G)
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Sánchez-Alarcón, P. M. Salo, H. Knapen, J. H. Comerón, S. Román, J. Watkins, A. E. Buta, R. J. Laine, S. Falcón-Ramírez, J. M. Anetjärvi, M. Athanassoula, E. Bosma, A. Gadotti, D. A. Hinz, J. L. Ho, L. C. Holwerda, B. W. Janz, J. Kim, T. Koda, J. Laine, J. Laurikainen, E. Madore, B. F. Menéndez-Delmestre, K. Peletier, R. F. Querejeta, M. Ruokanen, A. Sheth, K. Zaritsky, D. |
| author_facet | Sánchez-Alarcón, P. M. Salo, H. Knapen, J. H. Comerón, S. Román, J. Watkins, A. E. Buta, R. J. Laine, S. Falcón-Ramírez, J. M. Anetjärvi, M. Athanassoula, E. Bosma, A. Gadotti, D. A. Hinz, J. L. Ho, L. C. Holwerda, B. W. Janz, J. Kim, T. Koda, J. Laine, J. Laurikainen, E. Madore, B. F. Menéndez-Delmestre, K. Peletier, R. F. Querejeta, M. Ruokanen, A. Sheth, K. Zaritsky, D. |
| contents | The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S$^4$G), together with its Early Type Galaxy (ETG) extension, stand as the most extensive dataset of deep, uniform mid-infrared (mid-IR; 3.6 and 4.5$\,μ$m) imaging for a sample of $2817$ nearby ($d<40 \,$Mpc) galaxies. However, the velocity criterion used to select the original sample results in an additional 422 galaxies without HI detection that ought to have been included in the S$^4$G on the basis of their optical recession velocities. In order to create a complete magnitude-, size- and volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies, we collect $3.6\,μ$m and $i$-band images using archival data from different surveys and complement it with new observations for the missing galaxies. We denote the sample of these additional galaxies as Disc Galaxy (DG) extension. We present the Complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (CS$^4$G), encompassing a sample of $3239$ galaxies with consistent imaging, surface brightness profiles, photometric parameters, and revised morphological classification. Following the original strategy of the S$^4$G survey, we produce masks, surface brightness profiles, and curves of growth using masked $3.6\,μ$m and $i$-band images. From these profiles, we derive the integrated quantities: total magnitude, stellar mass, concentration parameter, and galaxy size, converting to $3.6\,μ$m. We re-measure these parameters also for the S$^4$G and ETG to create a homogenous sample. We present new morphological revised $T$-types, and we showcase mid-IR scaling relations for the photometric parameters. We complete the S$^4$G sample by incorporating 422 galaxies. The CS$^4$G includes at least 99.94\% of the complete sample of nearby galaxies, meeting the original selection criteria, and it will enable a wide set of investigations into galaxy structure and evolution. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_09680 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (CS$^4$G) Sánchez-Alarcón, P. M. Salo, H. Knapen, J. H. Comerón, S. Román, J. Watkins, A. E. Buta, R. J. Laine, S. Falcón-Ramírez, J. M. Anetjärvi, M. Athanassoula, E. Bosma, A. Gadotti, D. A. Hinz, J. L. Ho, L. C. Holwerda, B. W. Janz, J. Kim, T. Koda, J. Laine, J. Laurikainen, E. Madore, B. F. Menéndez-Delmestre, K. Peletier, R. F. Querejeta, M. Ruokanen, A. Sheth, K. Zaritsky, D. Astrophysics of Galaxies The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S$^4$G), together with its Early Type Galaxy (ETG) extension, stand as the most extensive dataset of deep, uniform mid-infrared (mid-IR; 3.6 and 4.5$\,μ$m) imaging for a sample of $2817$ nearby ($d<40 \,$Mpc) galaxies. However, the velocity criterion used to select the original sample results in an additional 422 galaxies without HI detection that ought to have been included in the S$^4$G on the basis of their optical recession velocities. In order to create a complete magnitude-, size- and volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies, we collect $3.6\,μ$m and $i$-band images using archival data from different surveys and complement it with new observations for the missing galaxies. We denote the sample of these additional galaxies as Disc Galaxy (DG) extension. We present the Complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (CS$^4$G), encompassing a sample of $3239$ galaxies with consistent imaging, surface brightness profiles, photometric parameters, and revised morphological classification. Following the original strategy of the S$^4$G survey, we produce masks, surface brightness profiles, and curves of growth using masked $3.6\,μ$m and $i$-band images. From these profiles, we derive the integrated quantities: total magnitude, stellar mass, concentration parameter, and galaxy size, converting to $3.6\,μ$m. We re-measure these parameters also for the S$^4$G and ETG to create a homogenous sample. We present new morphological revised $T$-types, and we showcase mid-IR scaling relations for the photometric parameters. We complete the S$^4$G sample by incorporating 422 galaxies. The CS$^4$G includes at least 99.94\% of the complete sample of nearby galaxies, meeting the original selection criteria, and it will enable a wide set of investigations into galaxy structure and evolution. |
| title | The Complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (CS$^4$G) |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09680 |