A discrete Fourier transform based quantum circuit for modular multiplication in Shor's algorithm

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Patoary, Abu Musa, Vikram, Amit, Galitski, Victor
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Patoary, Abu Musa
Vikram, Amit
Galitski, Victor
author_facet Patoary, Abu Musa
Vikram, Amit
Galitski, Victor
contents Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of numbers provides an exponential speedup over the best known classical algorithms. However, nontrivial practical applications have remained out of reach due to experimental limitations. The bottleneck of the experimental realization of the algorithm is the modular exponentiation operation. In this paper, based on a relation between the modular multiplication operator and generalizations of discrete Fourier transforms, we propose a quantum circuit for modular exponentiation. A distinctive feature of our proposal is that our circuit can be entirely implemented in terms of the standard quantum circuit for the discrete Fourier transform and its variants. The gate-complexity of our proposal is $O(L^3)$ where L is the number of bits required to store the number being factorized. It is possible that such a proposal may provide easier avenues for near-term generic implementations of Shor's algorithm, in contrast to existing realizations which have often explicitly adapted the circuit to the number being factorized.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_10008
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A discrete Fourier transform based quantum circuit for modular multiplication in Shor's algorithm
Patoary, Abu Musa
Vikram, Amit
Galitski, Victor
Quantum Physics
Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of numbers provides an exponential speedup over the best known classical algorithms. However, nontrivial practical applications have remained out of reach due to experimental limitations. The bottleneck of the experimental realization of the algorithm is the modular exponentiation operation. In this paper, based on a relation between the modular multiplication operator and generalizations of discrete Fourier transforms, we propose a quantum circuit for modular exponentiation. A distinctive feature of our proposal is that our circuit can be entirely implemented in terms of the standard quantum circuit for the discrete Fourier transform and its variants. The gate-complexity of our proposal is $O(L^3)$ where L is the number of bits required to store the number being factorized. It is possible that such a proposal may provide easier avenues for near-term generic implementations of Shor's algorithm, in contrast to existing realizations which have often explicitly adapted the circuit to the number being factorized.
title A discrete Fourier transform based quantum circuit for modular multiplication in Shor's algorithm
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10008