Mixed-state learnability transitions in monitored noisy quantum dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Singh, Hansveer, Vasseur, Romain, Potter, Andrew C., Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Singh, Hansveer
Vasseur, Romain
Potter, Andrew C.
Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
author_facet Singh, Hansveer
Vasseur, Romain
Potter, Andrew C.
Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
contents We consider learnability transitions in monitored quantum systems that undergo noisy evolution, subject to a global strong symmetry -- i.e., in addition to the measuring apparatus, the system can interact with an unobserved environment, but does not exchange charge with it. As in the pure-state setting, we find two information-theoretic phases -- a sharp (fuzzy) phase in which an eavesdropper can rapidly (slowly) learn the symmetry charge. However, because the dynamics is noisy, both phases can be simulated efficiently using tensor networks. Indeed, even when the true dynamics is unitary, introducing noise by hand allows an eavesdropper to efficiently learn the symmetry charge from local measurements, as we demonstrate. We identify the fuzzy phase in this setting as a mixed-state phase that exhibits spontaneous strong-to-weak symmetry breaking.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_10308
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mixed-state learnability transitions in monitored noisy quantum dynamics
Singh, Hansveer
Vasseur, Romain
Potter, Andrew C.
Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
We consider learnability transitions in monitored quantum systems that undergo noisy evolution, subject to a global strong symmetry -- i.e., in addition to the measuring apparatus, the system can interact with an unobserved environment, but does not exchange charge with it. As in the pure-state setting, we find two information-theoretic phases -- a sharp (fuzzy) phase in which an eavesdropper can rapidly (slowly) learn the symmetry charge. However, because the dynamics is noisy, both phases can be simulated efficiently using tensor networks. Indeed, even when the true dynamics is unitary, introducing noise by hand allows an eavesdropper to efficiently learn the symmetry charge from local measurements, as we demonstrate. We identify the fuzzy phase in this setting as a mixed-state phase that exhibits spontaneous strong-to-weak symmetry breaking.
title Mixed-state learnability transitions in monitored noisy quantum dynamics
topic Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10308