On the representation of energy-preserving quadratic operators with application to Operator Inference

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Main Authors: Gkimisis, Leonidas, Duff, Igor Pontes, Goyal, Pawan, Benner, Peter
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Gkimisis, Leonidas
Duff, Igor Pontes
Goyal, Pawan
Benner, Peter
author_facet Gkimisis, Leonidas
Duff, Igor Pontes
Goyal, Pawan
Benner, Peter
contents In this work, we investigate a skew-symmetric parameterization for energy-preserving quadratic operators. Earlier, [Goyal et al., 2023] proposed this parameterization to enforce energy-preservation for quadratic terms in the context of dynamical system data-driven inference. We here prove that every energy-preserving quadratic term can be equivalently formulated using a parameterization of the corresponding operator via skew-symmetric matrix blocks. Based on this main finding, we develop an algorithm to compute an equivalent quadratic operator with skew-symmetric sub-matrices, given an arbitrary energy-preserving operator. Consequently, we employ the skew-symmetric sub-matrix representation in the framework of non-intrusive reduced-order modeling (ROM) via Operator Inference (OpInf) for systems with an energy-preserving nonlinearity. To this end, we propose a sequential, linear least-squares (LS) problems formulation for the inference task, to ensure energy-preservation of the data-driven quadratic operator. The potential of this approach is indicated by the numerical results for a 2D Burgers' equation benchmark, compared to classical OpInf. The inferred system dynamics are accurate, while the corresponding operators are faithful to the underlying physical properties of the system.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_10824
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the representation of energy-preserving quadratic operators with application to Operator Inference
Gkimisis, Leonidas
Duff, Igor Pontes
Goyal, Pawan
Benner, Peter
Numerical Analysis
In this work, we investigate a skew-symmetric parameterization for energy-preserving quadratic operators. Earlier, [Goyal et al., 2023] proposed this parameterization to enforce energy-preservation for quadratic terms in the context of dynamical system data-driven inference. We here prove that every energy-preserving quadratic term can be equivalently formulated using a parameterization of the corresponding operator via skew-symmetric matrix blocks. Based on this main finding, we develop an algorithm to compute an equivalent quadratic operator with skew-symmetric sub-matrices, given an arbitrary energy-preserving operator. Consequently, we employ the skew-symmetric sub-matrix representation in the framework of non-intrusive reduced-order modeling (ROM) via Operator Inference (OpInf) for systems with an energy-preserving nonlinearity. To this end, we propose a sequential, linear least-squares (LS) problems formulation for the inference task, to ensure energy-preservation of the data-driven quadratic operator. The potential of this approach is indicated by the numerical results for a 2D Burgers' equation benchmark, compared to classical OpInf. The inferred system dynamics are accurate, while the corresponding operators are faithful to the underlying physical properties of the system.
title On the representation of energy-preserving quadratic operators with application to Operator Inference
topic Numerical Analysis
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10824