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author Marks, Samuel
Treutlein, Johannes
Bricken, Trenton
Lindsey, Jack
Marcus, Jonathan
Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth
Ziegler, Daniel
Ameisen, Emmanuel
Batson, Joshua
Belonax, Tim
Bowman, Samuel R.
Carter, Shan
Chen, Brian
Cunningham, Hoagy
Denison, Carson
Dietz, Florian
Golechha, Satvik
Khan, Akbir
Kirchner, Jan
Leike, Jan
Meek, Austin
Nishimura-Gasparian, Kei
Ong, Euan
Olah, Christopher
Pearce, Adam
Roger, Fabien
Salle, Jeanne
Shih, Andy
Tong, Meg
Thomas, Drake
Rivoire, Kelley
Jermyn, Adam
MacDiarmid, Monte
Henighan, Tom
Hubinger, Evan
author_facet Marks, Samuel
Treutlein, Johannes
Bricken, Trenton
Lindsey, Jack
Marcus, Jonathan
Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth
Ziegler, Daniel
Ameisen, Emmanuel
Batson, Joshua
Belonax, Tim
Bowman, Samuel R.
Carter, Shan
Chen, Brian
Cunningham, Hoagy
Denison, Carson
Dietz, Florian
Golechha, Satvik
Khan, Akbir
Kirchner, Jan
Leike, Jan
Meek, Austin
Nishimura-Gasparian, Kei
Ong, Euan
Olah, Christopher
Pearce, Adam
Roger, Fabien
Salle, Jeanne
Shih, Andy
Tong, Meg
Thomas, Drake
Rivoire, Kelley
Jermyn, Adam
MacDiarmid, Monte
Henighan, Tom
Hubinger, Evan
contents We study the feasibility of conducting alignment audits: investigations into whether models have undesired objectives. As a testbed, we train a language model with a hidden objective. Our training pipeline first teaches the model about exploitable errors in RLHF reward models (RMs), then trains the model to exploit some of these errors. We verify via out-of-distribution evaluations that the model generalizes to exhibit whatever behaviors it believes RMs rate highly, including ones not reinforced during training. We leverage this model to study alignment audits in two ways. First, we conduct a blind auditing game where four teams, unaware of the model's hidden objective or training, investigate it for concerning behaviors and their causes. Three teams successfully uncovered the model's hidden objective using techniques including interpretability with sparse autoencoders (SAEs), behavioral attacks, and training data analysis. Second, we conduct an unblinded follow-up study of eight techniques for auditing the model, analyzing their strengths and limitations. Overall, our work provides a concrete example of using alignment audits to discover a model's hidden objective and proposes a methodology for practicing and validating progress in alignment auditing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_10965
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Auditing language models for hidden objectives
Marks, Samuel
Treutlein, Johannes
Bricken, Trenton
Lindsey, Jack
Marcus, Jonathan
Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth
Ziegler, Daniel
Ameisen, Emmanuel
Batson, Joshua
Belonax, Tim
Bowman, Samuel R.
Carter, Shan
Chen, Brian
Cunningham, Hoagy
Denison, Carson
Dietz, Florian
Golechha, Satvik
Khan, Akbir
Kirchner, Jan
Leike, Jan
Meek, Austin
Nishimura-Gasparian, Kei
Ong, Euan
Olah, Christopher
Pearce, Adam
Roger, Fabien
Salle, Jeanne
Shih, Andy
Tong, Meg
Thomas, Drake
Rivoire, Kelley
Jermyn, Adam
MacDiarmid, Monte
Henighan, Tom
Hubinger, Evan
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
We study the feasibility of conducting alignment audits: investigations into whether models have undesired objectives. As a testbed, we train a language model with a hidden objective. Our training pipeline first teaches the model about exploitable errors in RLHF reward models (RMs), then trains the model to exploit some of these errors. We verify via out-of-distribution evaluations that the model generalizes to exhibit whatever behaviors it believes RMs rate highly, including ones not reinforced during training. We leverage this model to study alignment audits in two ways. First, we conduct a blind auditing game where four teams, unaware of the model's hidden objective or training, investigate it for concerning behaviors and their causes. Three teams successfully uncovered the model's hidden objective using techniques including interpretability with sparse autoencoders (SAEs), behavioral attacks, and training data analysis. Second, we conduct an unblinded follow-up study of eight techniques for auditing the model, analyzing their strengths and limitations. Overall, our work provides a concrete example of using alignment audits to discover a model's hidden objective and proposes a methodology for practicing and validating progress in alignment auditing.
title Auditing language models for hidden objectives
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10965