Technologies on Effectiveness and Efficiency: A Survey of State Spaces Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Lv, Xingtai, Sun, Youbang, Zhang, Kaiyan, Qu, Shang, Zhu, Xuekai, Fan, Yuchen, Wu, Yi, Hua, Ermo, Long, Xinwei, Ding, Ning, Zhou, Bowen
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Lv, Xingtai
Sun, Youbang
Zhang, Kaiyan
Qu, Shang
Zhu, Xuekai
Fan, Yuchen
Wu, Yi
Hua, Ermo
Long, Xinwei
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Bowen
author_facet Lv, Xingtai
Sun, Youbang
Zhang, Kaiyan
Qu, Shang
Zhu, Xuekai
Fan, Yuchen
Wu, Yi
Hua, Ermo
Long, Xinwei
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Bowen
contents State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the popular transformer-based models and have been increasingly gaining attention. Compared to transformers, SSMs excel at tasks with sequential data or longer contexts, demonstrating comparable performances with significant efficiency gains. In this survey, we provide a coherent and systematic overview for SSMs, including their theoretical motivations, mathematical formulations, comparison with existing model classes, and various applications. We divide the SSM series into three main sections, providing a detailed introduction to the original SSM, the structured SSM represented by S4, and the selective SSM typified by Mamba. We put an emphasis on technicality, and highlight the various key techniques introduced to address the effectiveness and efficiency of SSMs. We hope this manuscript serves as an introduction for researchers to explore the theoretical foundations of SSMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_11224
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Technologies on Effectiveness and Efficiency: A Survey of State Spaces Models
Lv, Xingtai
Sun, Youbang
Zhang, Kaiyan
Qu, Shang
Zhu, Xuekai
Fan, Yuchen
Wu, Yi
Hua, Ermo
Long, Xinwei
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Bowen
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the popular transformer-based models and have been increasingly gaining attention. Compared to transformers, SSMs excel at tasks with sequential data or longer contexts, demonstrating comparable performances with significant efficiency gains. In this survey, we provide a coherent and systematic overview for SSMs, including their theoretical motivations, mathematical formulations, comparison with existing model classes, and various applications. We divide the SSM series into three main sections, providing a detailed introduction to the original SSM, the structured SSM represented by S4, and the selective SSM typified by Mamba. We put an emphasis on technicality, and highlight the various key techniques introduced to address the effectiveness and efficiency of SSMs. We hope this manuscript serves as an introduction for researchers to explore the theoretical foundations of SSMs.
title Technologies on Effectiveness and Efficiency: A Survey of State Spaces Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11224