PassiveBLE: Towards Fully Commodity-Compatible BLE Backscatter
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866910875958378496 |
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| author | Dong, Huixin Wu, Yijie Li, Feiyu Kuang, Wei He, Yuan Zhang, Qian Wang, Wei |
| author_facet | Dong, Huixin Wu, Yijie Li, Feiyu Kuang, Wei He, Yuan Zhang, Qian Wang, Wei |
| contents | Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) backscatter is a promising candidate for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Unlike existing commodity-level BLE backscatter systems that only enable one-shot communication through BLE advertising packets, we propose PassiveBLE, a backscatter system that can establish authentic and fully compatible BLE connections on data channels. The key enabling techniques include (i) a synchronization circuit that can wake up tags and activate backscatter communications with symbol-level accuracy to facilitate BLE data packet generation; (ii) a distributed coding scheme that offloads the major encoding and processing burdens from tags to the excitation source while achieving high throughput; (iii) a BLE connection scheduler to enable fully compatible BLE connection interactions, including connection establishment, maintenance and termination for multiple backscatter tags. We prototype PassiveBLE tags with off-the-shelf components and also convert the circuits and control logic into ASIC design sketch, whose power consumptions are 491 uW and 9.9 uW, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that PassiveBLE achieves a success rate of over 99.9% in establishing commodity BLE connections. PassiveBLE also achieves commodity-compatible BLE communication with a high goodput of up to 974 kbps in LE 2M PHY mode and 532 kbps in LE 1M PHY mode, which is about 63.3 times higher than the previous commodity-level BLE backscatter system in the same mode. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_11490 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | PassiveBLE: Towards Fully Commodity-Compatible BLE Backscatter Dong, Huixin Wu, Yijie Li, Feiyu Kuang, Wei He, Yuan Zhang, Qian Wang, Wei Networking and Internet Architecture Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) backscatter is a promising candidate for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Unlike existing commodity-level BLE backscatter systems that only enable one-shot communication through BLE advertising packets, we propose PassiveBLE, a backscatter system that can establish authentic and fully compatible BLE connections on data channels. The key enabling techniques include (i) a synchronization circuit that can wake up tags and activate backscatter communications with symbol-level accuracy to facilitate BLE data packet generation; (ii) a distributed coding scheme that offloads the major encoding and processing burdens from tags to the excitation source while achieving high throughput; (iii) a BLE connection scheduler to enable fully compatible BLE connection interactions, including connection establishment, maintenance and termination for multiple backscatter tags. We prototype PassiveBLE tags with off-the-shelf components and also convert the circuits and control logic into ASIC design sketch, whose power consumptions are 491 uW and 9.9 uW, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that PassiveBLE achieves a success rate of over 99.9% in establishing commodity BLE connections. PassiveBLE also achieves commodity-compatible BLE communication with a high goodput of up to 974 kbps in LE 2M PHY mode and 532 kbps in LE 1M PHY mode, which is about 63.3 times higher than the previous commodity-level BLE backscatter system in the same mode. |
| title | PassiveBLE: Towards Fully Commodity-Compatible BLE Backscatter |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11490 |