A Census of the Most Obscured Galaxy Nuclei over Cosmic Time to be revealed by PRIMA

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Donnan, Fergus R., Rigopoulou, Dimitra, García-Bernete, Ismael, Bisigello, Laura, Aalto, Susanne
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Donnan, Fergus R.
Rigopoulou, Dimitra
García-Bernete, Ismael
Bisigello, Laura
Aalto, Susanne
author_facet Donnan, Fergus R.
Rigopoulou, Dimitra
García-Bernete, Ismael
Bisigello, Laura
Aalto, Susanne
contents Characterizing the growth of supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) is critical to the evolution of galaxies, however the majority of this activity is obscured, rendering traditional tracers of active SMBHs, such as in the restframe optical/UV, ineffective. The mid-infrared has been particularly successful in revealing obscured AGN activity however much of this work is confined to the local universe due to the lack of a far-IR telescope with the required sensitivity and wavelength coverage. In this work we demonstrate the effectiveness of PRIMA (PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics), a concept 1.8m far-IR observatory, to detect and characterize deeply obscured galaxy nuclei over cosmic time. With the PRIMAger instrument covering 25 - 235 $μ$m, we find that we can accurately detect obscured nuclei via the deep silicate absorption at restframe $9.8 μ$m between $z=2-7$. Additionally, the FIRESS spectrograph can produce R$\sim$100 spectra of obscured nuclei out to $z\sim7$, detecting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), ices, ionized and molecular gas. With the large number of deeply obscured nuclei PRIMA can detect and characterize, such a mission is critical to understanding the growth of SMBHs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_11611
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Census of the Most Obscured Galaxy Nuclei over Cosmic Time to be revealed by PRIMA
Donnan, Fergus R.
Rigopoulou, Dimitra
García-Bernete, Ismael
Bisigello, Laura
Aalto, Susanne
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Characterizing the growth of supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) is critical to the evolution of galaxies, however the majority of this activity is obscured, rendering traditional tracers of active SMBHs, such as in the restframe optical/UV, ineffective. The mid-infrared has been particularly successful in revealing obscured AGN activity however much of this work is confined to the local universe due to the lack of a far-IR telescope with the required sensitivity and wavelength coverage. In this work we demonstrate the effectiveness of PRIMA (PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics), a concept 1.8m far-IR observatory, to detect and characterize deeply obscured galaxy nuclei over cosmic time. With the PRIMAger instrument covering 25 - 235 $μ$m, we find that we can accurately detect obscured nuclei via the deep silicate absorption at restframe $9.8 μ$m between $z=2-7$. Additionally, the FIRESS spectrograph can produce R$\sim$100 spectra of obscured nuclei out to $z\sim7$, detecting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), ices, ionized and molecular gas. With the large number of deeply obscured nuclei PRIMA can detect and characterize, such a mission is critical to understanding the growth of SMBHs.
title A Census of the Most Obscured Galaxy Nuclei over Cosmic Time to be revealed by PRIMA
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11611