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Main Authors: Xie, Wei, Lei, Wei-Hua
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12135
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author Xie, Wei
Lei, Wei-Hua
author_facet Xie, Wei
Lei, Wei-Hua
contents Outflows/jets are ubiquitous in a wide range of astrophysical objects, yet the mechanisms responsible for their generation remain elusive. One hypothesis is that they are magnetically driven. Based on general relativistic MHD equations, we establish a formulation to describe the outflows driven by large-scale magnetic fields from the accretion disk in Schwarzschild spacetime. The outflow solution manifests as a contour level of a ``Bernoulli" function, which is determined by ensuring that it passes through both the slow and fast magnetosonic points. This approach is a general relativistic extension to the classical treatment of Cao and Spruit (1994). The initial plasma $β$ that permits magnetically driven outflow solutions is constrained, with the slow magnetosonic point above the footpoint setting an upper limit ($β_\mathrm{b}\lesssim 2$) and the Alfvén point inside the light cylinder setting a lower limit ($β_\mathrm{b}\gtrsim 0.02$). The higher the magnetization, the higher the temperature allowed, leading to relativistic outflows/jets. We investigate the relativistic outflows/jets of several typical objects such as active galactic nuclei (AGN), X-ray binaries (XRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The results indicate that all of these phenomena require strongly magnetized, high-temperature outflows as initial conditions, suggesting a potential association between the production of relativistic outflows/jets and corona-like structures.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The relativistic outflow driven by the large-scale magnetic field from an accretion disk
Xie, Wei
Lei, Wei-Hua
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Outflows/jets are ubiquitous in a wide range of astrophysical objects, yet the mechanisms responsible for their generation remain elusive. One hypothesis is that they are magnetically driven. Based on general relativistic MHD equations, we establish a formulation to describe the outflows driven by large-scale magnetic fields from the accretion disk in Schwarzschild spacetime. The outflow solution manifests as a contour level of a ``Bernoulli" function, which is determined by ensuring that it passes through both the slow and fast magnetosonic points. This approach is a general relativistic extension to the classical treatment of Cao and Spruit (1994). The initial plasma $β$ that permits magnetically driven outflow solutions is constrained, with the slow magnetosonic point above the footpoint setting an upper limit ($β_\mathrm{b}\lesssim 2$) and the Alfvén point inside the light cylinder setting a lower limit ($β_\mathrm{b}\gtrsim 0.02$). The higher the magnetization, the higher the temperature allowed, leading to relativistic outflows/jets. We investigate the relativistic outflows/jets of several typical objects such as active galactic nuclei (AGN), X-ray binaries (XRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The results indicate that all of these phenomena require strongly magnetized, high-temperature outflows as initial conditions, suggesting a potential association between the production of relativistic outflows/jets and corona-like structures.
title The relativistic outflow driven by the large-scale magnetic field from an accretion disk
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12135