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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Witten, Edward
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12771
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author Witten, Edward
author_facet Witten, Edward
contents Quantum mechanics requires a hermitian inner product <~,~> -- linear in one variable, antilinear in the other -- while the inner product (~,~) that comes most naturally from Euclidean path integrals is linear in each variable. Here we discuss the relation between the two inner products. In a theory with no time-reversal or reflection symmetry, they differ by an operator that complex conjugates the wavefunction and reverses the orientation of space; in the presence of reflection and time-reversal symmetry, space is unoriented so such an operator cannot be defined, but the time-reversal symmetry T is available instead and plays the same role.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_12771
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bras and Kets in Euclidean Path Integrals
Witten, Edward
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum mechanics requires a hermitian inner product <~,~> -- linear in one variable, antilinear in the other -- while the inner product (~,~) that comes most naturally from Euclidean path integrals is linear in each variable. Here we discuss the relation between the two inner products. In a theory with no time-reversal or reflection symmetry, they differ by an operator that complex conjugates the wavefunction and reverses the orientation of space; in the presence of reflection and time-reversal symmetry, space is unoriented so such an operator cannot be defined, but the time-reversal symmetry T is available instead and plays the same role.
title Bras and Kets in Euclidean Path Integrals
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12771