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Main Authors: Chen, Xiaopei, Wu, Wen, Li, Liang, Ji, Fei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13819
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author Chen, Xiaopei
Wu, Wen
Li, Liang
Ji, Fei
author_facet Chen, Xiaopei
Wu, Wen
Li, Liang
Ji, Fei
contents The Internet of Things (IoT) in the sixth generation (6G) era is envisioned to evolve towards intelligence, ubiquity, and self-optimization. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across diverse domains, including natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), and beyond. In this article, we propose an LLM-empowered IoT architecture for 6G networks to achieve intelligent autonomy while supporting advanced IoT applications. LLMs are pushed to the edge of the 6G network to support the synergy of LLMs and IoT. LLM solutions are tailored to both IoT application requirements and IoT management needs, i.e., LLM for IoT. On the other hand, edge inference and edge fine-tuning are discussed to support the deployment of LLMs, i.e., LLM on IoT. Furthermore, we propose a memory-efficient split federated learning (SFL) framework for LLM fine-tuning on heterogeneous IoT devices that alleviates memory pressures on both IoT devices and the edge server while achieving comparable performance and convergence time. Finally, a case study is presented, followed by a discussion about open issues of LLM-empowered IoT for 6G networks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_13819
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LLM-Empowered IoT for 6G Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
Chen, Xiaopei
Wu, Wen
Li, Liang
Ji, Fei
Emerging Technologies
The Internet of Things (IoT) in the sixth generation (6G) era is envisioned to evolve towards intelligence, ubiquity, and self-optimization. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across diverse domains, including natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), and beyond. In this article, we propose an LLM-empowered IoT architecture for 6G networks to achieve intelligent autonomy while supporting advanced IoT applications. LLMs are pushed to the edge of the 6G network to support the synergy of LLMs and IoT. LLM solutions are tailored to both IoT application requirements and IoT management needs, i.e., LLM for IoT. On the other hand, edge inference and edge fine-tuning are discussed to support the deployment of LLMs, i.e., LLM on IoT. Furthermore, we propose a memory-efficient split federated learning (SFL) framework for LLM fine-tuning on heterogeneous IoT devices that alleviates memory pressures on both IoT devices and the edge server while achieving comparable performance and convergence time. Finally, a case study is presented, followed by a discussion about open issues of LLM-empowered IoT for 6G networks.
title LLM-Empowered IoT for 6G Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
topic Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13819