KANITE: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for ITE estimation

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Main Authors: Mehendale, Eshan, Thorat, Abhinav, Kolla, Ravi, Pedanekar, Niranjan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mehendale, Eshan
Thorat, Abhinav
Kolla, Ravi
Pedanekar, Niranjan
author_facet Mehendale, Eshan
Thorat, Abhinav
Kolla, Ravi
Pedanekar, Niranjan
contents We introduce KANITE, a framework leveraging Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) estimation under multiple treatments setting in causal inference. By utilizing KAN's unique abilities to learn univariate activation functions as opposed to learning linear weights by Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), we improve the estimates of ITEs. The KANITE framework comprises two key architectures: 1.Integral Probability Metric (IPM) architecture: This employs an IPM loss in a specialized manner to effectively align towards ITE estimation across multiple treatments. 2. Entropy Balancing (EB) architecture: This uses weights for samples that are learned by optimizing entropy subject to balancing the covariates across treatment groups. Extensive evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that KANITE outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both $ε_{\text{PEHE}}$ and $ε_{\text{ATE}}$ metrics. Our experiments highlight the advantages of KANITE in achieving improved causal estimates, emphasizing the potential of KANs to advance causal inference methodologies across diverse application areas.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_13912
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle KANITE: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for ITE estimation
Mehendale, Eshan
Thorat, Abhinav
Kolla, Ravi
Pedanekar, Niranjan
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Methodology
We introduce KANITE, a framework leveraging Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) estimation under multiple treatments setting in causal inference. By utilizing KAN's unique abilities to learn univariate activation functions as opposed to learning linear weights by Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), we improve the estimates of ITEs. The KANITE framework comprises two key architectures: 1.Integral Probability Metric (IPM) architecture: This employs an IPM loss in a specialized manner to effectively align towards ITE estimation across multiple treatments. 2. Entropy Balancing (EB) architecture: This uses weights for samples that are learned by optimizing entropy subject to balancing the covariates across treatment groups. Extensive evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that KANITE outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both $ε_{\text{PEHE}}$ and $ε_{\text{ATE}}$ metrics. Our experiments highlight the advantages of KANITE in achieving improved causal estimates, emphasizing the potential of KANs to advance causal inference methodologies across diverse application areas.
title KANITE: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for ITE estimation
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13912