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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Constraints on Extended Cosmological Models

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Main Authors:	Calabrese, Erminia, Hill, J. Colin, Jense, Hidde T., La Posta, Adrien, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Addison, Graeme E., Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Alonso, David, Amiri, Mandana, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Barbavara, Eleonora, Barbieri, Nicola, Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beheshti, Ali, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Chen, Shi-Fan, Chesmore, Grace, Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, William, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin T., Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dunner, Rolando, Villagra, Carmen Embil, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit S., Ferraro, Simone, Foster, Allen, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Gerbino, Martina, Giardiello, Serena, Gill, Ajay, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Goldstein, Samuel, Golec, Joseph E., Gong, Yulin, Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Harrison, Ian, Hasselfield, Matthew, He, Adam, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hood, John, Hornecker, Erika, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Joshi, Neha, Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, Lague, Alex, Lakey, Victoria, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, McCarthy, Fiona, McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Nerval, Simran K., Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Ragavan, Damien C., Guachalla, Bernardita Ried, Rogers, Keir K., Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Surrao, Kristen, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thiele, Leander, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Zheng, Kaiwen
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Calabrese, Erminia Hill, J. Colin Jense, Hidde T. La Posta, Adrien Abril-Cabezas, Irene Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aiola, Simone Alford, Tommy Alonso, David Amiri, Mandana An, Rui Atkins, Zachary Austermann, Jason E. Barbavara, Eleonora Barbieri, Nicola Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia Stefano Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Beheshti, Ali Beringue, Benjamin Bhandarkar, Tanay Biermann, Emily Bolliet, Boris Bond, J Richard Capalbo, Valentina Carrero, Felipe Chen, Shi-Fan Chesmore, Grace Cho, Hsiao-mei Choi, Steve K. Clark, Susan E. Cothard, Nicholas F. Coughlin, Kevin Coulton, William Crichton, Devin Crowley, Kevin T. Darwish, Omar Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Duell, Cody J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dunner, Rolando Villagra, Carmen Embil Fankhanel, Max Farren, Gerrit S. Ferraro, Simone Foster, Allen Freundt, Rodrigo Fuzia, Brittany Gallardo, Patricio A. Garrido, Xavier Gerbino, Martina Giardiello, Serena Gill, Ajay Givans, Jahmour Gluscevic, Vera Goldstein, Samuel Golec, Joseph E. Gong, Yulin Guan, Yilun Halpern, Mark Harrison, Ian Hasselfield, Matthew He, Adam Healy, Erin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hood, John Hornecker, Erika Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Ikape, Margaret Irwin, Kent Isopi, Giovanni Joshi, Neha Keller, Ben Kim, Joshua Knowles, Kenda Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kramer, Darby Kusiak, Aleksandra Lague, Alex Lakey, Victoria Lattanzi, Massimiliano Lee, Eunseong Li, Yaqiong Li, Zack Limon, Michele Lokken, Martine Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacCrann, Niall MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Maldonado, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Mallaby-Kay, Maya Marques, Gabriela A. van Marrewijk, Joshiwa McCarthy, Fiona McMahon, Jeff Mehta, Yogesh Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Morris, Thomas W. Mroczkowski, Tony Naess, Sigurd Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Nerval, Simran K. Newburgh, Laura Nicola, Andrina Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Orlowski-Scherer, John Pagano, Luca Page, Lyman A. Pandey, Shivam Partridge, Bruce Sarmiento, Karen Perez Prince, Heather Puddu, Roberto Qu, Frank J. Ragavan, Damien C. Guachalla, Bernardita Ried Rogers, Keir K. Rojas, Felipe Sakuma, Tai Schaan, Emmanuel Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Shaikh, Shabbir Sherwin, Blake D. Sierra, Carlos Sievers, Jon Sifón, Cristóbal Simon, Sara Sonka, Rita Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie Surrao, Kristen Switzer, Eric R. Tampier, Niklas Thiele, Leander Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Ullom, Joel Vale, Leila R. Van Engelen, Alexander Van Lanen, Jeff Vargas, Cristian Vavagiakis, Eve M. Wagoner, Kasey Wang, Yuhan Wenzl, Lukas Wollack, Edward J. Zheng, Kaiwen
author_facet	Calabrese, Erminia Hill, J. Colin Jense, Hidde T. La Posta, Adrien Abril-Cabezas, Irene Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aiola, Simone Alford, Tommy Alonso, David Amiri, Mandana An, Rui Atkins, Zachary Austermann, Jason E. Barbavara, Eleonora Barbieri, Nicola Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia Stefano Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Beheshti, Ali Beringue, Benjamin Bhandarkar, Tanay Biermann, Emily Bolliet, Boris Bond, J Richard Capalbo, Valentina Carrero, Felipe Chen, Shi-Fan Chesmore, Grace Cho, Hsiao-mei Choi, Steve K. Clark, Susan E. Cothard, Nicholas F. Coughlin, Kevin Coulton, William Crichton, Devin Crowley, Kevin T. Darwish, Omar Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Duell, Cody J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dunner, Rolando Villagra, Carmen Embil Fankhanel, Max Farren, Gerrit S. Ferraro, Simone Foster, Allen Freundt, Rodrigo Fuzia, Brittany Gallardo, Patricio A. Garrido, Xavier Gerbino, Martina Giardiello, Serena Gill, Ajay Givans, Jahmour Gluscevic, Vera Goldstein, Samuel Golec, Joseph E. Gong, Yulin Guan, Yilun Halpern, Mark Harrison, Ian Hasselfield, Matthew He, Adam Healy, Erin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hood, John Hornecker, Erika Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Ikape, Margaret Irwin, Kent Isopi, Giovanni Joshi, Neha Keller, Ben Kim, Joshua Knowles, Kenda Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kramer, Darby Kusiak, Aleksandra Lague, Alex Lakey, Victoria Lattanzi, Massimiliano Lee, Eunseong Li, Yaqiong Li, Zack Limon, Michele Lokken, Martine Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacCrann, Niall MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Maldonado, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Mallaby-Kay, Maya Marques, Gabriela A. van Marrewijk, Joshiwa McCarthy, Fiona McMahon, Jeff Mehta, Yogesh Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Morris, Thomas W. Mroczkowski, Tony Naess, Sigurd Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Nerval, Simran K. Newburgh, Laura Nicola, Andrina Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Orlowski-Scherer, John Pagano, Luca Page, Lyman A. Pandey, Shivam Partridge, Bruce Sarmiento, Karen Perez Prince, Heather Puddu, Roberto Qu, Frank J. Ragavan, Damien C. Guachalla, Bernardita Ried Rogers, Keir K. Rojas, Felipe Sakuma, Tai Schaan, Emmanuel Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Shaikh, Shabbir Sherwin, Blake D. Sierra, Carlos Sievers, Jon Sifón, Cristóbal Simon, Sara Sonka, Rita Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie Surrao, Kristen Switzer, Eric R. Tampier, Niklas Thiele, Leander Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Ullom, Joel Vale, Leila R. Van Engelen, Alexander Van Lanen, Jeff Vargas, Cristian Vavagiakis, Eve M. Wagoner, Kasey Wang, Yuhan Wenzl, Lukas Wollack, Edward J. Zheng, Kaiwen
contents	We use new cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) to test foundational assumptions of the standard cosmological model and set constraints on extensions to it. We derive constraints from the ACT DR6 power spectra alone, as well as in combination with legacy data from Planck. To break geometric degeneracies, we include ACT and Planck CMB lensing data and baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI Year-1, and further add supernovae measurements from Pantheon+ for models that affect the late-time expansion history. We verify the near-scale-invariance (running of the spectral index $d n_s/d\ln k = 0.0062 \pm 0.0052$) and adiabaticity of the primordial perturbations. Neutrino properties are consistent with Standard Model predictions: we find no evidence for new light, relativistic species that are free-streaming ($N_{\rm eff} = 2.86 \pm 0.13$, which combined with external BBN data becomes $N_{\rm eff} = 2.89 \pm 0.11$), for non-zero neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν< 0.082$ eV at 95% CL), or for neutrino self-interactions. We also find no evidence for self-interacting dark radiation ($N_{\rm idr} < 0.134$), early-universe variation of fundamental constants, early dark energy, primordial magnetic fields, or modified recombination. Our data are consistent with standard BBN, the FIRAS-inferred CMB temperature, a dark matter component that is collisionless and with only a small fraction allowed as axion-like particles, a cosmological constant, and the late-time growth rate predicted by general relativity. We find no statistically significant preference for a departure from the baseline $Λ$CDM model. In general, models introduced to increase the Hubble constant or to decrease the amplitude of density fluctuations inferred from the primary CMB are not favored by our data.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_14454
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Constraints on Extended Cosmological Models Calabrese, Erminia Hill, J. Colin Jense, Hidde T. La Posta, Adrien Abril-Cabezas, Irene Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aiola, Simone Alford, Tommy Alonso, David Amiri, Mandana An, Rui Atkins, Zachary Austermann, Jason E. Barbavara, Eleonora Barbieri, Nicola Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia Stefano Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Beheshti, Ali Beringue, Benjamin Bhandarkar, Tanay Biermann, Emily Bolliet, Boris Bond, J Richard Capalbo, Valentina Carrero, Felipe Chen, Shi-Fan Chesmore, Grace Cho, Hsiao-mei Choi, Steve K. Clark, Susan E. Cothard, Nicholas F. Coughlin, Kevin Coulton, William Crichton, Devin Crowley, Kevin T. Darwish, Omar Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Duell, Cody J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dunner, Rolando Villagra, Carmen Embil Fankhanel, Max Farren, Gerrit S. Ferraro, Simone Foster, Allen Freundt, Rodrigo Fuzia, Brittany Gallardo, Patricio A. Garrido, Xavier Gerbino, Martina Giardiello, Serena Gill, Ajay Givans, Jahmour Gluscevic, Vera Goldstein, Samuel Golec, Joseph E. Gong, Yulin Guan, Yilun Halpern, Mark Harrison, Ian Hasselfield, Matthew He, Adam Healy, Erin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hood, John Hornecker, Erika Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Ikape, Margaret Irwin, Kent Isopi, Giovanni Joshi, Neha Keller, Ben Kim, Joshua Knowles, Kenda Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kramer, Darby Kusiak, Aleksandra Lague, Alex Lakey, Victoria Lattanzi, Massimiliano Lee, Eunseong Li, Yaqiong Li, Zack Limon, Michele Lokken, Martine Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacCrann, Niall MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Maldonado, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Mallaby-Kay, Maya Marques, Gabriela A. van Marrewijk, Joshiwa McCarthy, Fiona McMahon, Jeff Mehta, Yogesh Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Morris, Thomas W. Mroczkowski, Tony Naess, Sigurd Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Nerval, Simran K. Newburgh, Laura Nicola, Andrina Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Orlowski-Scherer, John Pagano, Luca Page, Lyman A. Pandey, Shivam Partridge, Bruce Sarmiento, Karen Perez Prince, Heather Puddu, Roberto Qu, Frank J. Ragavan, Damien C. Guachalla, Bernardita Ried Rogers, Keir K. Rojas, Felipe Sakuma, Tai Schaan, Emmanuel Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Shaikh, Shabbir Sherwin, Blake D. Sierra, Carlos Sievers, Jon Sifón, Cristóbal Simon, Sara Sonka, Rita Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie Surrao, Kristen Switzer, Eric R. Tampier, Niklas Thiele, Leander Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Ullom, Joel Vale, Leila R. Van Engelen, Alexander Van Lanen, Jeff Vargas, Cristian Vavagiakis, Eve M. Wagoner, Kasey Wang, Yuhan Wenzl, Lukas Wollack, Edward J. Zheng, Kaiwen Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We use new cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) to test foundational assumptions of the standard cosmological model and set constraints on extensions to it. We derive constraints from the ACT DR6 power spectra alone, as well as in combination with legacy data from Planck. To break geometric degeneracies, we include ACT and Planck CMB lensing data and baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI Year-1, and further add supernovae measurements from Pantheon+ for models that affect the late-time expansion history. We verify the near-scale-invariance (running of the spectral index $d n_s/d\ln k = 0.0062 \pm 0.0052$) and adiabaticity of the primordial perturbations. Neutrino properties are consistent with Standard Model predictions: we find no evidence for new light, relativistic species that are free-streaming ($N_{\rm eff} = 2.86 \pm 0.13$, which combined with external BBN data becomes $N_{\rm eff} = 2.89 \pm 0.11$), for non-zero neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν< 0.082$ eV at 95% CL), or for neutrino self-interactions. We also find no evidence for self-interacting dark radiation ($N_{\rm idr} < 0.134$), early-universe variation of fundamental constants, early dark energy, primordial magnetic fields, or modified recombination. Our data are consistent with standard BBN, the FIRAS-inferred CMB temperature, a dark matter component that is collisionless and with only a small fraction allowed as axion-like particles, a cosmological constant, and the late-time growth rate predicted by general relativity. We find no statistically significant preference for a departure from the baseline $Λ$CDM model. In general, models introduced to increase the Hubble constant or to decrease the amplitude of density fluctuations inferred from the primary CMB are not favored by our data.
title	The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Constraints on Extended Cosmological Models
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14454