EnQode: Fast Amplitude Embedding for Quantum Machine Learning Using Classical Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Han, Jason, DiBrita, Nicholas S., Cho, Younghyun, Luo, Hengrui, Patel, Tirthak
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Han, Jason
DiBrita, Nicholas S.
Cho, Younghyun
Luo, Hengrui
Patel, Tirthak
author_facet Han, Jason
DiBrita, Nicholas S.
Cho, Younghyun
Luo, Hengrui
Patel, Tirthak
contents Amplitude embedding (AE) is essential in quantum machine learning (QML) for encoding classical data onto quantum circuits. However, conventional AE methods suffer from deep, variable-length circuits that introduce high output error due to extensive gate usage and variable error rates across samples, resulting in noise-driven inconsistencies that degrade model accuracy. We introduce EnQode, a fast AE technique based on symbolic representation that addresses these limitations by clustering dataset samples and solving for cluster mean states through a low-depth, machine-specific ansatz. Optimized to reduce physical gates and SWAP operations, EnQode ensures all samples face consistent, low noise levels by standardizing circuit depth and composition. With over 90% fidelity in data mapping, EnQode enables robust, high-performance QML on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Our open-source solution provides a scalable and efficient alternative for integrating classical data with quantum models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_14473
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle EnQode: Fast Amplitude Embedding for Quantum Machine Learning Using Classical Data
Han, Jason
DiBrita, Nicholas S.
Cho, Younghyun
Luo, Hengrui
Patel, Tirthak
Quantum Physics
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
Amplitude embedding (AE) is essential in quantum machine learning (QML) for encoding classical data onto quantum circuits. However, conventional AE methods suffer from deep, variable-length circuits that introduce high output error due to extensive gate usage and variable error rates across samples, resulting in noise-driven inconsistencies that degrade model accuracy. We introduce EnQode, a fast AE technique based on symbolic representation that addresses these limitations by clustering dataset samples and solving for cluster mean states through a low-depth, machine-specific ansatz. Optimized to reduce physical gates and SWAP operations, EnQode ensures all samples face consistent, low noise levels by standardizing circuit depth and composition. With over 90% fidelity in data mapping, EnQode enables robust, high-performance QML on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Our open-source solution provides a scalable and efficient alternative for integrating classical data with quantum models.
title EnQode: Fast Amplitude Embedding for Quantum Machine Learning Using Classical Data
topic Quantum Physics
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14473