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Main Authors:	Lodha, K., Calderon, R., Matthewson, W. L., Shafieloo, A., Ishak, M., Pan, J., Garcia-Quintero, C., Huterer, D., Valogiannis, G., Ureña-López, L. A., Kamble, N. V., Parkinson, D., Kim, A. G., Zhao, G. B., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Rohlf, J., Lozano-Rodríguez, F., Román-Herrera, J. O., Abdul-Karim, M., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alves, O., Andrade, U., Armengaud, E., Aviles, A., BenZvi, S., Bianchi, D., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Burtin, E., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Casas, L., Castander, F. J., Charles, M., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chebat, D., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cuceu, A., Dawson, K. S., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Deiosso, N., Demina, R., Dey, Arjun, Dey, Biprateep, Ding, Z., Doel, P., Eisenstein, D. J., Elbers, W., Ferraro, S., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Garrison, Lehman H., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hahn, C., Herbold, M., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Juneau, S., Kehoe, R., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Lahav, O., Lamman, C., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, Q., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Santos, D. Muñoz, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Niz, G., Noriega, H. E., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Pieri, Matthew M., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sinigaglia, F., Sprayberry, D., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Taylor, P., Turner, W., Vargas-Magaña, M., Walther, M., Weaver, B. A., Wolfson, M., Yèche, C., Zarrouk, P., Zhou, R., Zou, H.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14743
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author	Lodha, K. Calderon, R. Matthewson, W. L. Shafieloo, A. Ishak, M. Pan, J. Garcia-Quintero, C. Huterer, D. Valogiannis, G. Ureña-López, L. A. Kamble, N. V. Parkinson, D. Kim, A. G. Zhao, G. B. Cervantes-Cota, J. L. Rohlf, J. Lozano-Rodríguez, F. Román-Herrera, J. O. Abdul-Karim, M. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Alves, O. Andrade, U. Armengaud, E. Aviles, A. BenZvi, S. Bianchi, D. Brodzeller, A. Brooks, D. Burtin, E. Canning, R. Rosell, A. Carnero Casas, L. Castander, F. J. Charles, M. Chaussidon, E. Chaves-Montero, J. Chebat, D. Claybaugh, T. Cole, S. Cuceu, A. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, A. Deiosso, N. Demina, R. Dey, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Ding, Z. Doel, P. Eisenstein, D. J. Elbers, W. Ferraro, S. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Garrison, Lehman H. Gaztañaga, E. Gil-Marín, H. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gonzalez-Morales, A. X. Gutierrez, G. Guy, J. Hahn, C. Herbold, M. Herrera-Alcantar, H. K. Honscheid, K. Howlett, C. Juneau, S. Kehoe, R. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lahav, O. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Leauthaud, A. Levi, M. E. Li, Q. Magneville, C. Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Santos, D. Muñoz Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. Myers, A. D. Nadathur, S. Niz, G. Noriega, H. E. Paillas, E. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Percival, W. J. Pieri, Matthew M. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Fernández, A. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Ramírez-Pérez, C. Rashkovetskyi, M. Ravoux, C. Ross, A. J. Rossi, G. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Samushia, L. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sinigaglia, F. Sprayberry, D. Tan, T. Tarlé, G. Taylor, P. Turner, W. Vargas-Magaña, M. Walther, M. Weaver, B. A. Wolfson, M. Yèche, C. Zarrouk, P. Zhou, R. Zou, H.
author_facet	Lodha, K. Calderon, R. Matthewson, W. L. Shafieloo, A. Ishak, M. Pan, J. Garcia-Quintero, C. Huterer, D. Valogiannis, G. Ureña-López, L. A. Kamble, N. V. Parkinson, D. Kim, A. G. Zhao, G. B. Cervantes-Cota, J. L. Rohlf, J. Lozano-Rodríguez, F. Román-Herrera, J. O. Abdul-Karim, M. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Alves, O. Andrade, U. Armengaud, E. Aviles, A. BenZvi, S. Bianchi, D. Brodzeller, A. Brooks, D. Burtin, E. Canning, R. Rosell, A. Carnero Casas, L. Castander, F. J. Charles, M. Chaussidon, E. Chaves-Montero, J. Chebat, D. Claybaugh, T. Cole, S. Cuceu, A. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, A. Deiosso, N. Demina, R. Dey, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Ding, Z. Doel, P. Eisenstein, D. J. Elbers, W. Ferraro, S. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Garrison, Lehman H. Gaztañaga, E. Gil-Marín, H. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gonzalez-Morales, A. X. Gutierrez, G. Guy, J. Hahn, C. Herbold, M. Herrera-Alcantar, H. K. Honscheid, K. Howlett, C. Juneau, S. Kehoe, R. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lahav, O. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Leauthaud, A. Levi, M. E. Li, Q. Magneville, C. Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Santos, D. Muñoz Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. Myers, A. D. Nadathur, S. Niz, G. Noriega, H. E. Paillas, E. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Percival, W. J. Pieri, Matthew M. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Fernández, A. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Ramírez-Pérez, C. Rashkovetskyi, M. Ravoux, C. Ross, A. J. Rossi, G. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Samushia, L. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sinigaglia, F. Sprayberry, D. Tan, T. Tarlé, G. Taylor, P. Turner, W. Vargas-Magaña, M. Walther, M. Weaver, B. A. Wolfson, M. Yèche, C. Zarrouk, P. Zhou, R. Zou, H.
contents	We conduct an extended analysis of dark energy constraints, in support of the findings of the DESI DR2 cosmology key paper, including DESI data, Planck CMB observations, and three different supernova compilations. Using a broad range of parametric and non-parametric methods, we explore the dark energy phenomenology and find consistent trends across all approaches, in good agreement with the $w_0w_a$CDM key paper results. Even with the additional flexibility introduced by non-parametric approaches, such as binning and Gaussian Processes, we find that extending $Λ$CDM to include a two-parameter $w(z)$ is sufficient to capture the trends present in the data. Finally, we examine three dark energy classes with distinct dynamics, including quintessence scenarios satisfying $w \geq -1$, to explore what underlying physics can explain such deviations. The current data indicate a clear preference for models that feature a phantom crossing; although alternatives lacking this feature are disfavored, they cannot yet be ruled out. Our analysis confirms that the evidence for dynamical dark energy, particularly at low redshift ($z \lesssim 0.3$), is robust and stable under different modeling choices.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_14743
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Extended Dark Energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements Lodha, K. Calderon, R. Matthewson, W. L. Shafieloo, A. Ishak, M. Pan, J. Garcia-Quintero, C. Huterer, D. Valogiannis, G. Ureña-López, L. A. Kamble, N. V. Parkinson, D. Kim, A. G. Zhao, G. B. Cervantes-Cota, J. L. Rohlf, J. Lozano-Rodríguez, F. Román-Herrera, J. O. Abdul-Karim, M. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Alves, O. Andrade, U. Armengaud, E. Aviles, A. BenZvi, S. Bianchi, D. Brodzeller, A. Brooks, D. Burtin, E. Canning, R. Rosell, A. Carnero Casas, L. Castander, F. J. Charles, M. Chaussidon, E. Chaves-Montero, J. Chebat, D. Claybaugh, T. Cole, S. Cuceu, A. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, A. Deiosso, N. Demina, R. Dey, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Ding, Z. Doel, P. Eisenstein, D. J. Elbers, W. Ferraro, S. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Garrison, Lehman H. Gaztañaga, E. Gil-Marín, H. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gonzalez-Morales, A. X. Gutierrez, G. Guy, J. Hahn, C. Herbold, M. Herrera-Alcantar, H. K. Honscheid, K. Howlett, C. Juneau, S. Kehoe, R. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lahav, O. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Leauthaud, A. Levi, M. E. Li, Q. Magneville, C. Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Santos, D. Muñoz Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. Myers, A. D. Nadathur, S. Niz, G. Noriega, H. E. Paillas, E. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Percival, W. J. Pieri, Matthew M. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Fernández, A. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Ramírez-Pérez, C. Rashkovetskyi, M. Ravoux, C. Ross, A. J. Rossi, G. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Samushia, L. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sinigaglia, F. Sprayberry, D. Tan, T. Tarlé, G. Taylor, P. Turner, W. Vargas-Magaña, M. Walther, M. Weaver, B. A. Wolfson, M. Yèche, C. Zarrouk, P. Zhou, R. Zou, H. Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics We conduct an extended analysis of dark energy constraints, in support of the findings of the DESI DR2 cosmology key paper, including DESI data, Planck CMB observations, and three different supernova compilations. Using a broad range of parametric and non-parametric methods, we explore the dark energy phenomenology and find consistent trends across all approaches, in good agreement with the $w_0w_a$CDM key paper results. Even with the additional flexibility introduced by non-parametric approaches, such as binning and Gaussian Processes, we find that extending $Λ$CDM to include a two-parameter $w(z)$ is sufficient to capture the trends present in the data. Finally, we examine three dark energy classes with distinct dynamics, including quintessence scenarios satisfying $w \geq -1$, to explore what underlying physics can explain such deviations. The current data indicate a clear preference for models that feature a phantom crossing; although alternatives lacking this feature are disfavored, they cannot yet be ruled out. Our analysis confirms that the evidence for dynamical dark energy, particularly at low redshift ($z \lesssim 0.3$), is robust and stable under different modeling choices.
title	Extended Dark Energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14743

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