Temperature inhomogeneity in non-equilibrium field theory for electrons in a nanowire: thermodynamic and transport properties
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866912307837140992 |
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| author | Gao, Yuan Muttalib, K. A. |
| author_facet | Gao, Yuan Muttalib, K. A. |
| contents | A nanowire with its two ends fixed at two different temperatures by external baths is the simplest example of a fermionic system with a temperature inhomogeneity, and could be an easy platform to study thermodynamic and transport properties of a boundary-driven open quantum system. Starting with a temperature-dependent pseudo free energy derived from an exact reduced density matrix and assuming a small temperature gradient $γ$ across the wire, we show within perturbation theory that electron dispersion relation and therefore the Fermi distribution becomes $γ$ and space coordinates dependent, leading to non-linear effects of the temperature inhomogeneity. In particular, we show that in the non-linear response regime, the Widemann-Franz Law for the ratio of thermal and electrical conductivities is generalized, and that the thermopower increases with increasing temperature gradient $γ$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_14778 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Temperature inhomogeneity in non-equilibrium field theory for electrons in a nanowire: thermodynamic and transport properties Gao, Yuan Muttalib, K. A. Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Statistical Mechanics A nanowire with its two ends fixed at two different temperatures by external baths is the simplest example of a fermionic system with a temperature inhomogeneity, and could be an easy platform to study thermodynamic and transport properties of a boundary-driven open quantum system. Starting with a temperature-dependent pseudo free energy derived from an exact reduced density matrix and assuming a small temperature gradient $γ$ across the wire, we show within perturbation theory that electron dispersion relation and therefore the Fermi distribution becomes $γ$ and space coordinates dependent, leading to non-linear effects of the temperature inhomogeneity. In particular, we show that in the non-linear response regime, the Widemann-Franz Law for the ratio of thermal and electrical conductivities is generalized, and that the thermopower increases with increasing temperature gradient $γ$. |
| title | Temperature inhomogeneity in non-equilibrium field theory for electrons in a nanowire: thermodynamic and transport properties |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Statistical Mechanics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14778 |