Detectability of oxygen fugacity regimes in the magma ocean world 55 Cancri e at high spectral resolution
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Dash, Spandan Brogi, Matteo Seidler, Fabian Lukas Sossi, Paolo A. Gandhi, Siddharth Panwar, Vatsal Lafarga, Marina Wheatley, Peter J. |
| author_facet | Dash, Spandan Brogi, Matteo Seidler, Fabian Lukas Sossi, Paolo A. Gandhi, Siddharth Panwar, Vatsal Lafarga, Marina Wheatley, Peter J. |
| contents | Ultra-short Period exoplanets (USPs) like 55 Cnc e, hosting dayside magma oceans, present unique opportunities to study surface-atmosphere interactions. The composition of a vaporised mineral atmosphere enveloping the dayside is dictated by that of the surface magma ocean, which in turn is sensitive to its oxygen fugacity ($f$O$_2$). Observability estimations and characterisation of the atmospheric emission of 55 Cnc e have mostly remained limited to low spectral resolution space-based studies. Here, we aim to examine ground-based high-resolution observabilities of a diverse set of mineral atmospheres produced across a grid of mantle $f$O$_2$s varying over 12 orders of magnitude. We assume a Bulk Silicate Earth mantle composition and a substellar dayside temperature of T = 2500K in the near infrared wavelength (NIR) region. This spectral range is often featureless for this class of atmospheres at low-resolution. Coupling our newly developed simulator for synthesising realistic observations from high-resolution ground-based spectrographs (Ratri) to a pre-developed high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) analysis pipeline (Upamana), we find that this array of mineral atmospheres would all be detectable with 11 hours of observing time of the dayside of 55 Cnc e with CARMENES and each individual scenario can be correctly differentiated within 1$σ$. Our analysis is readily able to distinguish between a planet with an Earth-like redox state (with $f$O$_2$ $\sim$3.5 log$_{10}$ units above the iron-wüstite, IW buffer) from a Mercury-like planet ($f$O$_2$ $\sim$5 log$_{10}$ units below IW). We thus conclude that the HRCCS technique holds promise for cataloguing the diversity of redox states among the rocky exoplanetary population. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_15196 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Detectability of oxygen fugacity regimes in the magma ocean world 55 Cancri e at high spectral resolution Dash, Spandan Brogi, Matteo Seidler, Fabian Lukas Sossi, Paolo A. Gandhi, Siddharth Panwar, Vatsal Lafarga, Marina Wheatley, Peter J. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Ultra-short Period exoplanets (USPs) like 55 Cnc e, hosting dayside magma oceans, present unique opportunities to study surface-atmosphere interactions. The composition of a vaporised mineral atmosphere enveloping the dayside is dictated by that of the surface magma ocean, which in turn is sensitive to its oxygen fugacity ($f$O$_2$). Observability estimations and characterisation of the atmospheric emission of 55 Cnc e have mostly remained limited to low spectral resolution space-based studies. Here, we aim to examine ground-based high-resolution observabilities of a diverse set of mineral atmospheres produced across a grid of mantle $f$O$_2$s varying over 12 orders of magnitude. We assume a Bulk Silicate Earth mantle composition and a substellar dayside temperature of T = 2500K in the near infrared wavelength (NIR) region. This spectral range is often featureless for this class of atmospheres at low-resolution. Coupling our newly developed simulator for synthesising realistic observations from high-resolution ground-based spectrographs (Ratri) to a pre-developed high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) analysis pipeline (Upamana), we find that this array of mineral atmospheres would all be detectable with 11 hours of observing time of the dayside of 55 Cnc e with CARMENES and each individual scenario can be correctly differentiated within 1$σ$. Our analysis is readily able to distinguish between a planet with an Earth-like redox state (with $f$O$_2$ $\sim$3.5 log$_{10}$ units above the iron-wüstite, IW buffer) from a Mercury-like planet ($f$O$_2$ $\sim$5 log$_{10}$ units below IW). We thus conclude that the HRCCS technique holds promise for cataloguing the diversity of redox states among the rocky exoplanetary population. |
| title | Detectability of oxygen fugacity regimes in the magma ocean world 55 Cancri e at high spectral resolution |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15196 |