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Main Authors:	Euclid Collaboration, La Marca, A., Wang, L., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Gabarra, L., Toba, Y., Mezcua, M., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Ricci, F., Fotopoulou, S., Zatarain, T. Matamoro, Allevato, V., La Franca, F., Shankar, F., Bisigello, L., Stevens, G., Siudek, M., Roster, W., Salvato, M., Tortora, C., Spinoglio, L., Man, A. W. S., Knapen, J. H., Baes, M., O'Ryan, D., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Biviano, A., Bonchi, A., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Cañas-Herrera, G., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Chambers, K. C., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Ealet, A., Escoffier, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farinelli, R., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Gracia-Carpio, J., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Gwyn, S., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I. M., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Boulc'h, Q. Le, Brun, A. M. C. Le, Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mora, A., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zucca, E., Ballardini, M., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Huertas-Company, M., Martín-Fleitas, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Metcalf, R. B., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Risso, I., Scottez, V., Sereno, M., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Alvi, S., Andika, I. T., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Benoist, C., Benson, K., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Cogato, F., Conseil, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Paolis, F., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Duc, P. -A., Enia, A., Fang, Y., Ferrari, A. G., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fontanot, F., Franco, A., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guidi, M., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Kajava, J. J. E., Kang, Y., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kiiveri, K., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lembo, M., Lepori, F., Leroy, G., Lesci, G. F., Lesgourgues, J., Leuzzi, L., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Magnier, E. A., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Naidoo, K., Navarro-Alsina, A., Nesseris, S., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pisani, A., Potter, D., Quai, S., Radovich, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sacquegna, S., Sahlén, M., Sanders, D. B., Sarpa, E., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schneider, A., Sciotti, D., Sellentin, E., Smith, L. C., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Venhola, A., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Walton, N. A., Soubrie, E., Scott, D.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15317
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Table of Contents:

Galaxy major mergers are a key pathway to trigger AGN. We present the first detection of major mergers in the Euclid Deep Fields and analyse their connection with AGN. We constructed a stellar-mass-complete ($M_*>10^{9.8}\,M_{\odot}$) sample of galaxies from the first quick data release (Q1), in the redshift range z=0.5-2. We selected AGN using X-ray data, optical spectroscopy, mid-infrared colours, and processing \IE observations with an image decomposition algorithm. We used CNNs trained on cosmological simulations to classify galaxies as mergers and non-mergers. We found a larger fraction of AGN in mergers compared to the non-merger controls for all AGN selections, with AGN excess factors ranging from 2 to 6. Likewise, a generally larger merger fraction ($f_{merg}$) is seen in active galaxies than in the non-active controls. We analysed $f_{merg}$ as a function of the AGN bolometric luminosity ($L_{bol}$) and the contribution of the point-source to the total galaxy light in the \IE-band ($f_{PSF}$) as a proxy for the relative AGN contribution fraction. We uncovered a rising $f_{merg}$, with increasing $f_{PSF}$ up to $f_{PSF}=0.55$, after which we observed a decreasing trend. We then derived the point-source luminosity ($L_{PSF}$) and showed that $f_{merg}$ monotonically increases as a function of $L_{PSF}$ at z<0.9, with $f_{merg}>$50% for $L_{PSF}>2\,10^{43}$ erg/s. At z>0.9, $f_{merg}$ rises as a function of $L_{PSF}$, though mergers do not dominate until $L_{PSF}=10^{45}$ erg/s. For X-ray and spectroscopic AGN, we computed $L_{bol}$, which has a positive correlation with $f_{merg}$ for X-ray AGN, while shows a less pronounced trend for spectroscopic AGN due to the smaller sample size. At $L_{bol}>10^{45}$ erg/s, AGN mostly reside in mergers. We concluded that mergers are strongly linked to the most powerful, dust-obscured AGN, associated with rapid supermassive black hole growth.

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