Homogeneous Algorithms Can Reduce Competition in Personalized Pricing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jo, Nathanael, Creel, Kathleen, Wilson, Ashia, Raghavan, Manish
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Jo, Nathanael
Creel, Kathleen
Wilson, Ashia
Raghavan, Manish
author_facet Jo, Nathanael
Creel, Kathleen
Wilson, Ashia
Raghavan, Manish
contents Firms' algorithm development practices are often homogeneous. Whether firms train algorithms on similar data, aim at similar benchmarks, or rely on similar pre-trained models, the result is correlated predictions. We model the impact of correlated algorithms on competition in the context of personalized pricing. Our analysis reveals that (1) higher correlation diminishes consumer welfare and (2) as consumers become more price sensitive, firms are increasingly incentivized to compromise on the accuracy of their predictions in exchange for coordination. We demonstrate our theoretical results in a stylized empirical study where two firms compete using personalized pricing algorithms. Our results underscore the ease with which algorithms facilitate price correlation without overt communication, which raises concerns about a new frontier of anti-competitive behavior. We analyze the implications of our results on the application and interpretation of US antitrust law.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_15634
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Homogeneous Algorithms Can Reduce Competition in Personalized Pricing
Jo, Nathanael
Creel, Kathleen
Wilson, Ashia
Raghavan, Manish
Computer Science and Game Theory
Computers and Society
Firms' algorithm development practices are often homogeneous. Whether firms train algorithms on similar data, aim at similar benchmarks, or rely on similar pre-trained models, the result is correlated predictions. We model the impact of correlated algorithms on competition in the context of personalized pricing. Our analysis reveals that (1) higher correlation diminishes consumer welfare and (2) as consumers become more price sensitive, firms are increasingly incentivized to compromise on the accuracy of their predictions in exchange for coordination. We demonstrate our theoretical results in a stylized empirical study where two firms compete using personalized pricing algorithms. Our results underscore the ease with which algorithms facilitate price correlation without overt communication, which raises concerns about a new frontier of anti-competitive behavior. We analyze the implications of our results on the application and interpretation of US antitrust law.
title Homogeneous Algorithms Can Reduce Competition in Personalized Pricing
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15634