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Main Authors: Du, Guowang, Cheng, Yehao, Yang, Yuan-Pei, Yang, Jun, Zhang, Jinghua, Zhu, Dan, Pan, Yu, Fang, Yuan, Zou, Xingzhu, Kumar, Brajesh, Guo, Helong, Zhu, Xufeng, Zhang, Yangwei, Kong, Fanchuan, Shang, Chenxi, Chen, Xinlei, Liu, Xiangkun, Liu, Xiaowei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15805
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author Du, Guowang
Cheng, Yehao
Yang, Yuan-Pei
Yang, Jun
Zhang, Jinghua
Zhu, Dan
Pan, Yu
Fang, Yuan
Zou, Xingzhu
Kumar, Brajesh
Guo, Helong
Zhu, Xufeng
Zhang, Yangwei
Kong, Fanchuan
Shang, Chenxi
Chen, Xinlei
Liu, Xiangkun
Liu, Xiaowei
author_facet Du, Guowang
Cheng, Yehao
Yang, Yuan-Pei
Yang, Jun
Zhang, Jinghua
Zhu, Dan
Pan, Yu
Fang, Yuan
Zou, Xingzhu
Kumar, Brajesh
Guo, Helong
Zhu, Xufeng
Zhang, Yangwei
Kong, Fanchuan
Shang, Chenxi
Chen, Xinlei
Liu, Xiangkun
Liu, Xiaowei
contents The interaction between the relativistic jet and the circumburst medium produces a multiwavelength afterglow of a gamma-ray burst (GRBs). In this work, we present multiwavelength properties of GRB~250101A based on the observations of Swift, Fermi and Mephisto. The spectral analysis of Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM reveals a soft prompt spectrum with a low-energy photon index of $-1.18$ and a peak energy of 33 keV, and the isotropic energy is $1.4\times10^{52}~{\rm erg}$. The prompt emission of GRB 250101A aligns with Type II GRBs in the Amati relation. Meanwhile, our analysis indicates that GRB 250101A is an X-ray-rich or X-ray-dominated GRB, with intrinsic properties suggesting that it is relatively softer than most classical GRBs. Optical observation with Mephisto, beginning 197 s post-trigger, shows a single power-law decay in $uvgriz$ bands, with $F_{ν,\mathrm{obs}} \propto t^{-0.76} ν^{-1.21}$. The observed spectral index significantly exceeds theoretical predictions under standard afterglow models, suggesting a color excess of $\sim0.216$ mag. However, combining X-ray and optical afterglow, we find that GRB 250101A is more likely a ``normal burst'' rather than an ``optical-dark burst'', and the dust extinction effect plays an important role in the optical blue bands. Furthermore, there is a structural change at $T_0+2924$ s in the optical light curve, indicating a density drop of $\sim50$ \% in the interstellar medium at a distance of $\sim0.13~{\rm pc}$. Our analysis shows that this GRB clearly shows some unique characteristics in its observed X-ray rich prompt emission as well as the circumburst environment, implying a special progenitor.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_15805
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multiwavelength Analysis of GRB 250101A: From Gamma-ray Prompt Emission to Optical Afterglow
Du, Guowang
Cheng, Yehao
Yang, Yuan-Pei
Yang, Jun
Zhang, Jinghua
Zhu, Dan
Pan, Yu
Fang, Yuan
Zou, Xingzhu
Kumar, Brajesh
Guo, Helong
Zhu, Xufeng
Zhang, Yangwei
Kong, Fanchuan
Shang, Chenxi
Chen, Xinlei
Liu, Xiangkun
Liu, Xiaowei
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The interaction between the relativistic jet and the circumburst medium produces a multiwavelength afterglow of a gamma-ray burst (GRBs). In this work, we present multiwavelength properties of GRB~250101A based on the observations of Swift, Fermi and Mephisto. The spectral analysis of Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM reveals a soft prompt spectrum with a low-energy photon index of $-1.18$ and a peak energy of 33 keV, and the isotropic energy is $1.4\times10^{52}~{\rm erg}$. The prompt emission of GRB 250101A aligns with Type II GRBs in the Amati relation. Meanwhile, our analysis indicates that GRB 250101A is an X-ray-rich or X-ray-dominated GRB, with intrinsic properties suggesting that it is relatively softer than most classical GRBs. Optical observation with Mephisto, beginning 197 s post-trigger, shows a single power-law decay in $uvgriz$ bands, with $F_{ν,\mathrm{obs}} \propto t^{-0.76} ν^{-1.21}$. The observed spectral index significantly exceeds theoretical predictions under standard afterglow models, suggesting a color excess of $\sim0.216$ mag. However, combining X-ray and optical afterglow, we find that GRB 250101A is more likely a ``normal burst'' rather than an ``optical-dark burst'', and the dust extinction effect plays an important role in the optical blue bands. Furthermore, there is a structural change at $T_0+2924$ s in the optical light curve, indicating a density drop of $\sim50$ \% in the interstellar medium at a distance of $\sim0.13~{\rm pc}$. Our analysis shows that this GRB clearly shows some unique characteristics in its observed X-ray rich prompt emission as well as the circumburst environment, implying a special progenitor.
title Multiwavelength Analysis of GRB 250101A: From Gamma-ray Prompt Emission to Optical Afterglow
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15805