Fourth-order uniformly accurate integrators with long time near conservations for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic regime

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Lina, Wang, Bin, Li, Jiyong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Lina
Wang, Bin
Li, Jiyong
author_facet Wang, Lina
Wang, Bin
Li, Jiyong
contents In this paper, we propose two novel fourth-order integrators that exhibit uniformly high accuracy and long-term near conservations for solving the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) in the nonrelativistic regime. In this regime, the solution of the NLDE exhibits highly oscillatory behavior in time, characterized by a wavelength of O($\varepsilon^{2}$) with a small parameter $\varepsilon>0$. To ensure uniform temporal accuracy, we employ a two-scale approach in conjunction with exponential integrators, utilizing operator decomposition techniques for the NLDE. The proposed methods are rigorously proved to achieve fourth-order uniform accuracy in time for all $\varepsilon\in (0,1]$. Furthermore, we successfully incorporate symmetry into the integrator, and the long-term near conservation properties are analyzed through the modulated Fourier expansion. The proposed schemes are readily extendable to linear Dirac equations incorporating magnetic potentials, the dynamics of traveling wave solutions and the two/three-dimensional Dirac equations. The validity of all theoretical ndings and extensions is numerically substantiated through a series of numerical experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_15826
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fourth-order uniformly accurate integrators with long time near conservations for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic regime
Wang, Lina
Wang, Bin
Li, Jiyong
Numerical Analysis
35Q41, 65M70, 65N35, 81Q05
In this paper, we propose two novel fourth-order integrators that exhibit uniformly high accuracy and long-term near conservations for solving the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) in the nonrelativistic regime. In this regime, the solution of the NLDE exhibits highly oscillatory behavior in time, characterized by a wavelength of O($\varepsilon^{2}$) with a small parameter $\varepsilon>0$. To ensure uniform temporal accuracy, we employ a two-scale approach in conjunction with exponential integrators, utilizing operator decomposition techniques for the NLDE. The proposed methods are rigorously proved to achieve fourth-order uniform accuracy in time for all $\varepsilon\in (0,1]$. Furthermore, we successfully incorporate symmetry into the integrator, and the long-term near conservation properties are analyzed through the modulated Fourier expansion. The proposed schemes are readily extendable to linear Dirac equations incorporating magnetic potentials, the dynamics of traveling wave solutions and the two/three-dimensional Dirac equations. The validity of all theoretical ndings and extensions is numerically substantiated through a series of numerical experiments.
title Fourth-order uniformly accurate integrators with long time near conservations for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic regime
topic Numerical Analysis
35Q41, 65M70, 65N35, 81Q05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15826