Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915206560481280 |
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| author | Zhang, Liang Fan, Zhiwei Pan, Yiming |
| author_facet | Zhang, Liang Fan, Zhiwei Pan, Yiming |
| contents | We report the formation of a novel soliton, termed event soliton, in nonlinear photonic spacetime crystals (STCs). In these media, simultaneous spatiotemporal periodic modulation of the dielectric constant generates mixed frequency ($ω$) and wavevector (k) gaps. Under Kerr nonlinearity, the event solitons emerge as fully localized entities in both spacetime and energy-momentum domains, providing a tangible demonstration of the concept of event in relativity. The $ω$k-gap mixture arises from the coexistence and competition between time reflected and Bragg reflected waves due to the spatiotemporal modulation. We propose a new partial differential equation to capture various spatiotemporal patterns and present numerical simulations to validate our theoretical predictions, reflecting a three-way balance among k-gap opening, $ω$-gap opening, and nonlinearity. Our work opens avenues for fundamental studies and fosters experimental prospects for implementing spacetime crystals in both time-varying photonics and periodically driven condensed matter systems. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_16113 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals Zhang, Liang Fan, Zhiwei Pan, Yiming Optics Materials Science Mathematical Physics Pattern Formation and Solitons Quantum Physics We report the formation of a novel soliton, termed event soliton, in nonlinear photonic spacetime crystals (STCs). In these media, simultaneous spatiotemporal periodic modulation of the dielectric constant generates mixed frequency ($ω$) and wavevector (k) gaps. Under Kerr nonlinearity, the event solitons emerge as fully localized entities in both spacetime and energy-momentum domains, providing a tangible demonstration of the concept of event in relativity. The $ω$k-gap mixture arises from the coexistence and competition between time reflected and Bragg reflected waves due to the spatiotemporal modulation. We propose a new partial differential equation to capture various spatiotemporal patterns and present numerical simulations to validate our theoretical predictions, reflecting a three-way balance among k-gap opening, $ω$-gap opening, and nonlinearity. Our work opens avenues for fundamental studies and fosters experimental prospects for implementing spacetime crystals in both time-varying photonics and periodically driven condensed matter systems. |
| title | Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals |
| topic | Optics Materials Science Mathematical Physics Pattern Formation and Solitons Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16113 |