Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Liang, Fan, Zhiwei, Pan, Yiming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Liang
Fan, Zhiwei
Pan, Yiming
author_facet Zhang, Liang
Fan, Zhiwei
Pan, Yiming
contents We report the formation of a novel soliton, termed event soliton, in nonlinear photonic spacetime crystals (STCs). In these media, simultaneous spatiotemporal periodic modulation of the dielectric constant generates mixed frequency ($ω$) and wavevector (k) gaps. Under Kerr nonlinearity, the event solitons emerge as fully localized entities in both spacetime and energy-momentum domains, providing a tangible demonstration of the concept of event in relativity. The $ω$k-gap mixture arises from the coexistence and competition between time reflected and Bragg reflected waves due to the spatiotemporal modulation. We propose a new partial differential equation to capture various spatiotemporal patterns and present numerical simulations to validate our theoretical predictions, reflecting a three-way balance among k-gap opening, $ω$-gap opening, and nonlinearity. Our work opens avenues for fundamental studies and fosters experimental prospects for implementing spacetime crystals in both time-varying photonics and periodically driven condensed matter systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_16113
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals
Zhang, Liang
Fan, Zhiwei
Pan, Yiming
Optics
Materials Science
Mathematical Physics
Pattern Formation and Solitons
Quantum Physics
We report the formation of a novel soliton, termed event soliton, in nonlinear photonic spacetime crystals (STCs). In these media, simultaneous spatiotemporal periodic modulation of the dielectric constant generates mixed frequency ($ω$) and wavevector (k) gaps. Under Kerr nonlinearity, the event solitons emerge as fully localized entities in both spacetime and energy-momentum domains, providing a tangible demonstration of the concept of event in relativity. The $ω$k-gap mixture arises from the coexistence and competition between time reflected and Bragg reflected waves due to the spatiotemporal modulation. We propose a new partial differential equation to capture various spatiotemporal patterns and present numerical simulations to validate our theoretical predictions, reflecting a three-way balance among k-gap opening, $ω$-gap opening, and nonlinearity. Our work opens avenues for fundamental studies and fosters experimental prospects for implementing spacetime crystals in both time-varying photonics and periodically driven condensed matter systems.
title Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals
topic Optics
Materials Science
Mathematical Physics
Pattern Formation and Solitons
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16113