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Main Authors: Eldridge, Summer, de Oliveira, Ivo David, Shpilman, Yogev
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16306
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author Eldridge, Summer
de Oliveira, Ivo David
Shpilman, Yogev
author_facet Eldridge, Summer
de Oliveira, Ivo David
Shpilman, Yogev
contents We identify a new type of paradoxical behavior in dice, where the sum of independent rolls produces a deceptive sequence of dominance relations. We call these ``anti-inductive dice". Consider a game with two players and two non-identical dice. Each rolls their die $k$ times, adding the results, and the player with the highest sum wins. For each $k$, this induces a dominance relation between dice, with $A[k]\succ B[k]$ if $A$ is more likely than $B$ to win after $k$ rolls, and vice versa. For certain classes of dice, the limiting behavior of these relations is well-established in the literature, but the transient behavior, the subject of this paper, is less well-understood. This transient behavior, even for dice with only 4 faces, contains an immensely rich parameter space with fractal-like behavior.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_16306
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Paradox of Anti-Inductive Dice
Eldridge, Summer
de Oliveira, Ivo David
Shpilman, Yogev
Probability
We identify a new type of paradoxical behavior in dice, where the sum of independent rolls produces a deceptive sequence of dominance relations. We call these ``anti-inductive dice". Consider a game with two players and two non-identical dice. Each rolls their die $k$ times, adding the results, and the player with the highest sum wins. For each $k$, this induces a dominance relation between dice, with $A[k]\succ B[k]$ if $A$ is more likely than $B$ to win after $k$ rolls, and vice versa. For certain classes of dice, the limiting behavior of these relations is well-established in the literature, but the transient behavior, the subject of this paper, is less well-understood. This transient behavior, even for dice with only 4 faces, contains an immensely rich parameter space with fractal-like behavior.
title The Paradox of Anti-Inductive Dice
topic Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16306