Observation of a generalized Gibbs ensemble in photonics
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909987038560256 |
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| author | Bastianello, Alvise Tikan, Alexey Copie, Francois Randoux, Stephane Suret, Pierre |
| author_facet | Bastianello, Alvise Tikan, Alexey Copie, Francois Randoux, Stephane Suret, Pierre |
| contents | In generic classical and quantum many-body systems, where typically energy and particle number are the only conserved quantities, stationary states are described by thermal equilibrium. In contrast, integrable systems showcase an infinite hierarchy of conserved quantities that inhibits conventional thermalization, forcing relaxation to a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) -- a concept first introduced in quantum many-body physics. In this study, we provide experimental evidence for the emergence of a GGE in a photonic system. By investigating partially coherent waves propagating in a normal dispersion optical fiber, governed by the one-dimensional defocusing nonlinear Schroedinger equation, we directly measure the density of states of the spectral parameter (rapidity) to confirm the time invariance of the full set of conserved charges. We also observe the relaxation of optical power statistics to the GGE's theoretical prediction, obtained using the experimentally measured density of states. These complementary measurements unambiguously establish the formation of a GGE in our photonic platform, highlighting its potential as a powerful tool for probing many-body integrability and bridging classical and quantum integrable systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_16526 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observation of a generalized Gibbs ensemble in photonics Bastianello, Alvise Tikan, Alexey Copie, Francois Randoux, Stephane Suret, Pierre Quantum Gases Statistical Mechanics Pattern Formation and Solitons Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems Optics In generic classical and quantum many-body systems, where typically energy and particle number are the only conserved quantities, stationary states are described by thermal equilibrium. In contrast, integrable systems showcase an infinite hierarchy of conserved quantities that inhibits conventional thermalization, forcing relaxation to a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) -- a concept first introduced in quantum many-body physics. In this study, we provide experimental evidence for the emergence of a GGE in a photonic system. By investigating partially coherent waves propagating in a normal dispersion optical fiber, governed by the one-dimensional defocusing nonlinear Schroedinger equation, we directly measure the density of states of the spectral parameter (rapidity) to confirm the time invariance of the full set of conserved charges. We also observe the relaxation of optical power statistics to the GGE's theoretical prediction, obtained using the experimentally measured density of states. These complementary measurements unambiguously establish the formation of a GGE in our photonic platform, highlighting its potential as a powerful tool for probing many-body integrability and bridging classical and quantum integrable systems. |
| title | Observation of a generalized Gibbs ensemble in photonics |
| topic | Quantum Gases Statistical Mechanics Pattern Formation and Solitons Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16526 |