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The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees

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Auteurs principaux:	Kornoelje, K., Bleem, L. E., Rykoff, E. S., Abbott, T. M. C., Ade, P. A. R., Aguena, M., Alves, O., Anderson, A. J., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Ansarinejad, B., Archipley, M., Ashby, M. L. N., Austermann, J. E., Bacon, D., Balkenhol, L., Beall, J. A., Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Bouchet, F. R., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Calzadilla, M., Camphuis, E., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chiang, H. C., Chichura, P. M., Chokshi, A., Chou, T. -L., Citron, R., Coerver, A., Moran, C. Corbett, Costanzi, M., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., Daley, C., de Haan, T., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dibert, K. R., Dobbs, M. A., Doel, P., Doohan, M., Doussot, A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Everett, S., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Ferrero, I., Fichman, K., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Foster, A., Friedel, D., Frieman, J., Galli, S., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Garc'ia-Bellido, J., Gardner, R. W., Gassis, R., Gatti, M., Ge, F., George, E. M., Giannini, G., Goeckner-Wald, N., Grandis, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gualtieri, R., Guidi, F., Mahler, Guillaume, Guns, S., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Halverson, N. W., Hinton, S. R., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hood, J. C., Hrubes, J. D., Hryciuk, A., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Mena-Fernández, J., James, D. J., Kéruzoré, F., Khalife, A. R., Klein, M., Knox, L., Korman, M., Kuehn, K., Kuo, C. -L., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Lee, S., Levy, K., Li, D., Lima, M., Lowitz, A. E., Lowitz, A., Lu, C., Maniyar, A., Marshal, J. L., Marshall, J. L., Martsen, E. S., Bayliss, Matthew B., McDonald, M., McMahon, J. J., Menanteau, F., Millea, M., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Myles, J., Nakato, Y., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Omori, Y., Ouellette, A., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Patil, S., Pereira, M. E. S., Phadke, K. A., Pieres, A., Malag'on, A. A. Plazas, Pollak, A. W., Prabhu, K., Pryke, C., Quan, W., Raghunathan, S., Rahimi, M., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Salvati, L., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Schaffer, K. K., Schiappucci, E., Schrabback, T., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Sobrin, J. A., Somboonpanyakul, T., Stalder, B., Stark, A. A., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tandoi, C., Tarle, G., Thorne, B., To, C., Trendafilova, C., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Vincenzi, M., Vitrier, A., Wan, Y., Wang, G., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Whitehorn, N., Wiseman, P., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Young, M. R., Zebrowski, J. A., Zhang, Y.
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Kornoelje, K. Bleem, L. E. Rykoff, E. S. Abbott, T. M. C. Ade, P. A. R. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Anderson, A. J. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Ansarinejad, B. Archipley, M. Ashby, M. L. N. Austermann, J. E. Bacon, D. Balkenhol, L. Beall, J. A. Benabed, K. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bocquet, S. Bouchet, F. R. Brooks, D. Burke, D. L. Calzadilla, M. Camphuis, E. Carlstrom, J. E. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chichura, P. M. Chokshi, A. Chou, T. -L. Citron, R. Coerver, A. Moran, C. Corbett Costanzi, M. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. da Costa, L. N. Daley, C. de Haan, T. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Dibert, K. R. Dobbs, M. A. Doel, P. Doohan, M. Doussot, A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Everett, S. Feng, C. Ferguson, K. R. Ferrero, I. Fichman, K. Flaugher, B. Floyd, B. Foster, A. Friedel, D. Frieman, J. Galli, S. Gallicchio, J. Gambrel, A. E. Garc'ia-Bellido, J. Gardner, R. W. Gassis, R. Gatti, M. Ge, F. George, E. M. Giannini, G. Goeckner-Wald, N. Grandis, S. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gualtieri, R. Guidi, F. Mahler, Guillaume Guns, S. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, G. Halverson, N. W. Hinton, S. R. Hivon, E. Holder, G. P. Hollowood, D. L. Holzapfel, W. L. Honscheid, K. Hood, J. C. Hrubes, J. D. Hryciuk, A. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Mena-Fernández, J. James, D. J. Kéruzoré, F. Khalife, A. R. Klein, M. Knox, L. Korman, M. Kuehn, K. Kuo, C. -L. Lahav, O. Lee, A. T. Lee, S. Levy, K. Li, D. Lima, M. Lowitz, A. E. Lowitz, A. Lu, C. Maniyar, A. Marshal, J. L. Marshall, J. L. Martsen, E. S. Bayliss, Matthew B. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Menanteau, F. Millea, M. Miquel, R. Mohr, J. J. Montgomery, J. Myles, J. Nakato, Y. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. I. Novosad, V. Ogando, R. L. C. Omori, Y. Ouellette, A. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Patil, S. Pereira, M. E. S. Phadke, K. A. Pieres, A. Malag'on, A. A. Plazas Pollak, A. W. Prabhu, K. Pryke, C. Quan, W. Raghunathan, S. Rahimi, M. Rahlin, A. Reichardt, C. L. Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rouble, M. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Salvati, L. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Schiappucci, E. Schrabback, T. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Smith, M. Sobrin, J. A. Somboonpanyakul, T. Stalder, B. Stark, A. A. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tandoi, C. Tarle, G. Thorne, B. To, C. Trendafilova, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Vincenzi, M. Vitrier, A. Wan, Y. Wang, G. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Whitehorn, N. Wiseman, P. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Young, M. R. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, Y.
author_facet	Kornoelje, K. Bleem, L. E. Rykoff, E. S. Abbott, T. M. C. Ade, P. A. R. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Anderson, A. J. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Ansarinejad, B. Archipley, M. Ashby, M. L. N. Austermann, J. E. Bacon, D. Balkenhol, L. Beall, J. A. Benabed, K. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bocquet, S. Bouchet, F. R. Brooks, D. Burke, D. L. Calzadilla, M. Camphuis, E. Carlstrom, J. E. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chichura, P. M. Chokshi, A. Chou, T. -L. Citron, R. Coerver, A. Moran, C. Corbett Costanzi, M. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. da Costa, L. N. Daley, C. de Haan, T. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Dibert, K. R. Dobbs, M. A. Doel, P. Doohan, M. Doussot, A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Everett, S. Feng, C. Ferguson, K. R. Ferrero, I. Fichman, K. Flaugher, B. Floyd, B. Foster, A. Friedel, D. Frieman, J. Galli, S. Gallicchio, J. Gambrel, A. E. Garc'ia-Bellido, J. Gardner, R. W. Gassis, R. Gatti, M. Ge, F. George, E. M. Giannini, G. Goeckner-Wald, N. Grandis, S. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gualtieri, R. Guidi, F. Mahler, Guillaume Guns, S. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, G. Halverson, N. W. Hinton, S. R. Hivon, E. Holder, G. P. Hollowood, D. L. Holzapfel, W. L. Honscheid, K. Hood, J. C. Hrubes, J. D. Hryciuk, A. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Mena-Fernández, J. James, D. J. Kéruzoré, F. Khalife, A. R. Klein, M. Knox, L. Korman, M. Kuehn, K. Kuo, C. -L. Lahav, O. Lee, A. T. Lee, S. Levy, K. Li, D. Lima, M. Lowitz, A. E. Lowitz, A. Lu, C. Maniyar, A. Marshal, J. L. Marshall, J. L. Martsen, E. S. Bayliss, Matthew B. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Menanteau, F. Millea, M. Miquel, R. Mohr, J. J. Montgomery, J. Myles, J. Nakato, Y. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. I. Novosad, V. Ogando, R. L. C. Omori, Y. Ouellette, A. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Patil, S. Pereira, M. E. S. Phadke, K. A. Pieres, A. Malag'on, A. A. Plazas Pollak, A. W. Prabhu, K. Pryke, C. Quan, W. Raghunathan, S. Rahimi, M. Rahlin, A. Reichardt, C. L. Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rouble, M. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Salvati, L. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Schiappucci, E. Schrabback, T. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Smith, M. Sobrin, J. A. Somboonpanyakul, T. Stalder, B. Stark, A. A. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tandoi, C. Tarle, G. Thorne, B. To, C. Trendafilova, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Vincenzi, M. Vitrier, A. Wan, Y. Wang, G. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Whitehorn, N. Wiseman, P. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Young, M. R. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, Y.
contents	We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^2$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 $μ$K-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. This is comparable to noise levels expected for the wide field survey of CMB-S4, a next-generation CMB experiment. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of $ξ= 4.0$, resulting in a catalog of purity $\sim 89 \%$. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span $0.12 < z \lesssim 1.8$ and $1.0 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70} < M_{500c} < 8.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$. The sample's median redshift is 0.74 and the median mass is $1.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$; these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift ($z>1)$, the tSZ signal is reduced by $17.4^{+3.1}_{-2.9} \%$ ($3.7^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\%$) at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, demonstrating dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function; we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_17271
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees Kornoelje, K. Bleem, L. E. Rykoff, E. S. Abbott, T. M. C. Ade, P. A. R. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Anderson, A. J. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Ansarinejad, B. Archipley, M. Ashby, M. L. N. Austermann, J. E. Bacon, D. Balkenhol, L. Beall, J. A. Benabed, K. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bocquet, S. Bouchet, F. R. Brooks, D. Burke, D. L. Calzadilla, M. Camphuis, E. Carlstrom, J. E. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chichura, P. M. Chokshi, A. Chou, T. -L. Citron, R. Coerver, A. Moran, C. Corbett Costanzi, M. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. da Costa, L. N. Daley, C. de Haan, T. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Dibert, K. R. Dobbs, M. A. Doel, P. Doohan, M. Doussot, A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Everett, S. Feng, C. Ferguson, K. R. Ferrero, I. Fichman, K. Flaugher, B. Floyd, B. Foster, A. Friedel, D. Frieman, J. Galli, S. Gallicchio, J. Gambrel, A. E. Garc'ia-Bellido, J. Gardner, R. W. Gassis, R. Gatti, M. Ge, F. George, E. M. Giannini, G. Goeckner-Wald, N. Grandis, S. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gualtieri, R. Guidi, F. Mahler, Guillaume Guns, S. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, G. Halverson, N. W. Hinton, S. R. Hivon, E. Holder, G. P. Hollowood, D. L. Holzapfel, W. L. Honscheid, K. Hood, J. C. Hrubes, J. D. Hryciuk, A. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Mena-Fernández, J. James, D. J. Kéruzoré, F. Khalife, A. R. Klein, M. Knox, L. Korman, M. Kuehn, K. Kuo, C. -L. Lahav, O. Lee, A. T. Lee, S. Levy, K. Li, D. Lima, M. Lowitz, A. E. Lowitz, A. Lu, C. Maniyar, A. Marshal, J. L. Marshall, J. L. Martsen, E. S. Bayliss, Matthew B. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Menanteau, F. Millea, M. Miquel, R. Mohr, J. J. Montgomery, J. Myles, J. Nakato, Y. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. I. Novosad, V. Ogando, R. L. C. Omori, Y. Ouellette, A. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Patil, S. Pereira, M. E. S. Phadke, K. A. Pieres, A. Malag'on, A. A. Plazas Pollak, A. W. Prabhu, K. Pryke, C. Quan, W. Raghunathan, S. Rahimi, M. Rahlin, A. Reichardt, C. L. Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A. K. Rouble, M. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Salvati, L. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Schiappucci, E. Schrabback, T. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Smith, M. Sobrin, J. A. Somboonpanyakul, T. Stalder, B. Stark, A. A. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tandoi, C. Tarle, G. Thorne, B. To, C. Trendafilova, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Vincenzi, M. Vitrier, A. Wan, Y. Wang, G. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Whitehorn, N. Wiseman, P. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Young, M. R. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, Y. Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^2$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 $μ$K-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. This is comparable to noise levels expected for the wide field survey of CMB-S4, a next-generation CMB experiment. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of $ξ= 4.0$, resulting in a catalog of purity $\sim 89 \%$. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span $0.12 < z \lesssim 1.8$ and $1.0 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70} < M_{500c} < 8.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$. The sample's median redshift is 0.74 and the median mass is $1.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$; these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift ($z>1)$, the tSZ signal is reduced by $17.4^{+3.1}_{-2.9} \%$ ($3.7^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\%$) at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, demonstrating dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function; we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band.
title	The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17271