Radio Spectral Energy Distribution of Low-$z$ Metal Poor Extreme Starburst Galaxies: Novel insights on the escape of ionizing photons

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Main Authors: Bait, Omkar, Schaerer, Daniel, Izotov, Yuri I., Sebastian, Biny
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bait, Omkar
Schaerer, Daniel
Izotov, Yuri I.
Sebastian, Biny
author_facet Bait, Omkar
Schaerer, Daniel
Izotov, Yuri I.
Sebastian, Biny
contents Recent optical surveys have identified a rare population of low-$z$ ($z \sim 0.01 - 0.06$) extreme star-forming galaxies (xSFGs) characterized by very low metallicity, strong emission lines, extremely high specific star-formation rate, low stellar mass, and strong Ly~$α$ emission. Their global properties resemble recently discovered $z > 6$ reionization-era star-forming galaxies. We present new multi-frequency radio continuum (RC) observations of $8$ xSFGs using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at $1.25$ GHz, the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at $1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0$ and $15.0$ GHz, along with archival LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data at $150$ MHz for several sources. These data allow construction of the radio spectral energy distribution (radio-SED) from $\sim 1$ GHz (down to $150$ MHz for some sources) to $15$ GHz, spanning nearly two orders of magnitude in frequency. We find that xSFGs exhibit a flat spectral index between $6$ and $15$ GHz, while a subset shows spectral turnovers at $0.3 - 3$ GHz. Our Bayesian radio-SED modeling indicates that these features are consistent with a high thermal fraction combined with free-free absorption, requiring high emission measures in some systems. By comparing modeled thermal radio emission with observed H$β$ line flux density, we find evidence for dust in several xSFGs. Finally, we confirm a previously reported correlation between Lyman continuum escape fraction, ionization state, and radio spectral index, particularly among strong leakers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_17327
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Radio Spectral Energy Distribution of Low-$z$ Metal Poor Extreme Starburst Galaxies: Novel insights on the escape of ionizing photons
Bait, Omkar
Schaerer, Daniel
Izotov, Yuri I.
Sebastian, Biny
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Recent optical surveys have identified a rare population of low-$z$ ($z \sim 0.01 - 0.06$) extreme star-forming galaxies (xSFGs) characterized by very low metallicity, strong emission lines, extremely high specific star-formation rate, low stellar mass, and strong Ly~$α$ emission. Their global properties resemble recently discovered $z > 6$ reionization-era star-forming galaxies. We present new multi-frequency radio continuum (RC) observations of $8$ xSFGs using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at $1.25$ GHz, the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at $1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0$ and $15.0$ GHz, along with archival LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data at $150$ MHz for several sources. These data allow construction of the radio spectral energy distribution (radio-SED) from $\sim 1$ GHz (down to $150$ MHz for some sources) to $15$ GHz, spanning nearly two orders of magnitude in frequency. We find that xSFGs exhibit a flat spectral index between $6$ and $15$ GHz, while a subset shows spectral turnovers at $0.3 - 3$ GHz. Our Bayesian radio-SED modeling indicates that these features are consistent with a high thermal fraction combined with free-free absorption, requiring high emission measures in some systems. By comparing modeled thermal radio emission with observed H$β$ line flux density, we find evidence for dust in several xSFGs. Finally, we confirm a previously reported correlation between Lyman continuum escape fraction, ionization state, and radio spectral index, particularly among strong leakers.
title Radio Spectral Energy Distribution of Low-$z$ Metal Poor Extreme Starburst Galaxies: Novel insights on the escape of ionizing photons
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17327