Real-time diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a chip-based correlator for measuring human cerebral blood flow and brain function
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866917475598204928 |
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| author | Wang, Quan Hua, Yuanyuan Li, Chenxu Yuan, Zhizheng Wang, Jing Erdogan, Ahmet T. Chen, Hanqing Huang, Xunting Wojtkiewicz, Maciej Gorman, Alistair Pan, Mingliang Zhang, Yuanzhe Wang, Yining Finlayson, Neil Bi, Renzhe Henderson, Robert K. Yuan, Zhen Li, David Day-Uei |
| author_facet | Wang, Quan Hua, Yuanyuan Li, Chenxu Yuan, Zhizheng Wang, Jing Erdogan, Ahmet T. Chen, Hanqing Huang, Xunting Wojtkiewicz, Maciej Gorman, Alistair Pan, Mingliang Zhang, Yuanzhe Wang, Yining Finlayson, Neil Bi, Renzhe Henderson, Robert K. Yuan, Zhen Li, David Day-Uei |
| contents | Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a noninvasive optical technique that probes microvascular blood flow in deep tissues. Here, we present and validate a new on-chip hardware correlator for high-speed DCS measurements. The correlator is embedded in a custom-built 512 x 512 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array named ATLAS, which computes intensity autocorrelation functions directly on-chip at a sampling rate of 116 Hz - the fastest DCS acquisition reported to date. Unlike conventional DCS systems that suffer from low light throughput and therefore cannot resolve cardiac pulsations at source-detector separations (rho) beyond 30 mm, our massively parallel on-chip architecture computes autocorrelations within each macropixel, eliminating the data-throughput bottleneck. This enables high-SNR, real-time detection of pulsatile blood flow even at rho = 50 mm on the human forehead. In phantom experiments at rho = 25 mm, ATLAS-DCS achieves a 12-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over a conventional single-channel DCS instrument while operating at 116 Hz. In human subjects, we resolve functional hyperemia during a mental arithmetic task at rho = 30 mm. Furthermore, we integrate ATLAS DCS with a frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) module, enabling simultaneous monitoring of blood flow and tissue oxygenation. With this combined system, we can concurrently resolve core hemodynamic parameters. The on-chip parallelized DCS design substantially improves detection speed, depth sensitivity, and real-time capability, paving the way for wearable, high-speed cerebral blood flow monitoring in both clinical and research settings. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_17459 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Real-time diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a chip-based correlator for measuring human cerebral blood flow and brain function Wang, Quan Hua, Yuanyuan Li, Chenxu Yuan, Zhizheng Wang, Jing Erdogan, Ahmet T. Chen, Hanqing Huang, Xunting Wojtkiewicz, Maciej Gorman, Alistair Pan, Mingliang Zhang, Yuanzhe Wang, Yining Finlayson, Neil Bi, Renzhe Henderson, Robert K. Yuan, Zhen Li, David Day-Uei Instrumentation and Detectors Medical Physics Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a noninvasive optical technique that probes microvascular blood flow in deep tissues. Here, we present and validate a new on-chip hardware correlator for high-speed DCS measurements. The correlator is embedded in a custom-built 512 x 512 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array named ATLAS, which computes intensity autocorrelation functions directly on-chip at a sampling rate of 116 Hz - the fastest DCS acquisition reported to date. Unlike conventional DCS systems that suffer from low light throughput and therefore cannot resolve cardiac pulsations at source-detector separations (rho) beyond 30 mm, our massively parallel on-chip architecture computes autocorrelations within each macropixel, eliminating the data-throughput bottleneck. This enables high-SNR, real-time detection of pulsatile blood flow even at rho = 50 mm on the human forehead. In phantom experiments at rho = 25 mm, ATLAS-DCS achieves a 12-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over a conventional single-channel DCS instrument while operating at 116 Hz. In human subjects, we resolve functional hyperemia during a mental arithmetic task at rho = 30 mm. Furthermore, we integrate ATLAS DCS with a frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) module, enabling simultaneous monitoring of blood flow and tissue oxygenation. With this combined system, we can concurrently resolve core hemodynamic parameters. The on-chip parallelized DCS design substantially improves detection speed, depth sensitivity, and real-time capability, paving the way for wearable, high-speed cerebral blood flow monitoring in both clinical and research settings. |
| title | Real-time diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a chip-based correlator for measuring human cerebral blood flow and brain function |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors Medical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17459 |