How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Study

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fang, Cathy Mengying, Liu, Auren R., Danry, Valdemar, Lee, Eunhae, Chan, Samantha W. T., Pataranutaporn, Pat, Maes, Pattie, Phang, Jason, Lampe, Michael, Ahmad, Lama, Agarwal, Sandhini
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fang, Cathy Mengying
Liu, Auren R.
Danry, Valdemar
Lee, Eunhae
Chan, Samantha W. T.
Pataranutaporn, Pat
Maes, Pattie
Phang, Jason
Lampe, Michael
Ahmad, Lama
Agarwal, Sandhini
author_facet Fang, Cathy Mengying
Liu, Auren R.
Danry, Valdemar
Lee, Eunhae
Chan, Samantha W. T.
Pataranutaporn, Pat
Maes, Pattie
Phang, Jason
Lampe, Michael
Ahmad, Lama
Agarwal, Sandhini
contents As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k messages) to investigate how interaction modes (text, neutral voice, and engaging voice) and conversation types (open-ended, non-personal, and personal) influence four psychosocial outcomes: loneliness, social interaction with real people, emotional dependence on AI, and problematic AI usage. No significant effects were detected from experimental conditions, despite conversation analyses revealing differences in AI and human behavioral patterns across the conditions. Instead, participants who voluntarily used the chatbot more, regardless of assigned condition, showed consistently worse outcomes. Individuals' characteristics, such as higher trust and social attraction towards the AI chatbot, are associated with higher emotional dependence and problematic use. These findings raise deeper questions about how artificial companions may reshape the ways people seek, sustain, and substitute human connections.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_17473
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Study
Fang, Cathy Mengying
Liu, Auren R.
Danry, Valdemar
Lee, Eunhae
Chan, Samantha W. T.
Pataranutaporn, Pat
Maes, Pattie
Phang, Jason
Lampe, Michael
Ahmad, Lama
Agarwal, Sandhini
Human-Computer Interaction
As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k messages) to investigate how interaction modes (text, neutral voice, and engaging voice) and conversation types (open-ended, non-personal, and personal) influence four psychosocial outcomes: loneliness, social interaction with real people, emotional dependence on AI, and problematic AI usage. No significant effects were detected from experimental conditions, despite conversation analyses revealing differences in AI and human behavioral patterns across the conditions. Instead, participants who voluntarily used the chatbot more, regardless of assigned condition, showed consistently worse outcomes. Individuals' characteristics, such as higher trust and social attraction towards the AI chatbot, are associated with higher emotional dependence and problematic use. These findings raise deeper questions about how artificial companions may reshape the ways people seek, sustain, and substitute human connections.
title How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Study
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17473